Tomato Plant Proteins Actively Responding to Fungal Applications and Their Role in Cell Physiology

Abstract

The pattern of protein induction in tomato plants has been investigated after the applications of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species. Moreover, particular roles of the most active protein against biological applications were also determined using chromatographic techniques. Alternaria alternata and Penicillium oxalicum were applied as a pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species, respectively. Protein profile analysis revealed that a five protein species (i.e., protein 1, 6, 10, 12, and 13) possessed completely coupled interaction with non-pathogenic inducer application (P. oxalicum). However, three protein species (i.e., 10, 12, and 14) recorded a strong positive interaction with both fungal species. Protein 14 exhibited the maximum interaction with fungal applications, and its role in plant metabolism was studied after its identification as protein Q9M1W6. It was determined that protein Q1M1W6 was involved in guaiacyl lignin biosynthesis, and its inhibition increased the coumarin contents in tomato plants. Moreover, it was also observed that the protein Q9M1W6 takes significant part in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and Indole acetic acid contents, which are defense and growth factors of tomato plants. The study will help investigators to design fundamental rules of plant proteins affecting cell physiology under the influence of external fungal applications.

Benzenedicarboxylic acid upregulates O48814 and Q9FJQ8 for improved nutritional contents of tomato and low risk of fungal attack

“…Protein profiles of all treatments from each cultivar were compared with their respective negative control, and profusion index for each protein species was calculated with the formula devised by Bashir et al . Profusion behavior of different protein species was plotted in a matrix plot to screen the proteins by ‘profusion index’.…”

“…Digital images of protein gels were captured for their detailed analyses. The stained protein spots were identified and compared using digital software SAMESPOTS (TotalLab Ltd, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK) and TOPSPOT (Kroger and Prehm, Berlin, Germany) as described by Khan et al 24 Protein profiles of all treatments from each cultivar were compared with their respective negative control, and profusion index for each protein species was calculated with the formula devised by Bashir et al 25 Profusion behavior of different protein species was plotted in a matrix plot to screen the proteins by 'profusion index'. It provided the proteins most actively responding/playing roles against environmental stresses and hormonal applications.…”

Magnetic Field Stimulation Effect on Germination and Antioxidant Activities of Presown Hybrid Seeds of Sunflower and Its Seedlings

“…Effect of magnetic field on antioxidant parameters such as DPPH activity, reducing power assay, and total antioxidant activity of selected sunflower seed verities is given in Table 3 at one atom of the Nitrogen Bridge with an unbound valence electron. Free radical scavenging activity is the basis of the common DPPH antioxidant assay [37]. In sunflower oil, as well as in its shell, antioxidant compounds are found [38].…”

Consequences of LED Lights on Root Morphological Traits and Compounds Accumulation in Sarcandra glabra Seedlings

“…Moreover, the production of isofraxidin, scopoletin, fraxidin, and 3, 4-dihydrocoumarin slightly reduced. During coumarine biosynthesis, bglx (EC3.2.1.21), belonging to GH1 (glycosyl hydrolase family 1) β-glucosidases, catalyses the conversion of β-D-glucosyl-2-coumarinate to coumarinate, which then transforms into coumarine [61][62][63]. We identified two DEGs encoding bglx enzymes; the unigene (Cluster-21327.60334) had the highest expression level in BG, whereas Cluster-21327.49482 was significantly down-regulated in both BG and RG.…”