Tomato Leaf Photosynthesis and Respiration in Various Light and Carbon Dioxide Environments

Ludwig, L. J.; Charles-Edwards, D. A.; Withers, A. C.

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1957-6_3

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…We have shown previously that the rate of respiratory CO2 efflux of mature wheat leaves is correlated with the rate of prior CO2 assimilation, via carbohydrate accumulation (3), and similar correlations have been found in leaves of other species (5,14). Exogenous sugars stimulate CO2 efflux and 02 consumption in the dark in the leaves of Rumex acetosa (9) and Avena sativa (17), and similar effects have been observed with maize root tips (16).…”

supporting

confidence: 72%

Effect of Photosynthesis and Carbohydrate Status on Respiratory Rates and the Involvement of the Alternative Pathway in Leaf Respiration

Azcón-Bieto¹,

Lambers²,

Day³

1983

Plant Physiol.

208

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In spinach (Spinacia oleracea Hybrid 102 INew World seedsl) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Gabo) leaves, 02 uptake rates in the dark were faster after the plants had been allowed to photosynthesize for a period of several hours. Alternative path activity also increased following a period of photosynthesis in these leaves. No such effects were observed with isolated mitochondria. In spinach and wheat leaves, the level of fructose plus glucose decreased during a period of darkness. In pea (Pisum sativum cv Alaska) leaves, the level of these sugars did not vary significantly during the day, and respiratory rates were also constant. In slices cut from wheat leaves harvested at the end of the night, addition of sugars increased the rate of respiration and engaged the previously latent alternative oxidase. Several lines of evidence suggest that there is a direct relationship between the rate of respiration and the carbohydrate status of plant tissues. We have shown previously that the rate of respiratory CO2 efflux of mature wheat leaves is correlated with the rate of prior CO2 assimilation, via carbohydrate accumulation (3), and similar correlations have been found in leaves of other species (5, 14). Exogenous sugars stimulate CO2 efflux and 02 consumption in the dark in the leaves of Rumex acetosa (9) and Avena sativa (17), and similar effects have been observed with maize root tips (16).Recent work in our laboratory has shown that the cyanideinsensitive, alternative pathway of respiration is present in the leaves of many plant species, and that it may contribute significantly to measured respiratory rates in the dark (12). However, little is known concerning the regulation of this pathway in leaves. In this report, we present results from an investigation of the relationship between the rate of respiratory 02 uptake (in the dark), the involvement of the alternative path, and the level of (12). Quantum flux (400-700 nm) was 600 to 700 ,uE m-2 S-1, supplied by Sylvania Gro-Lux and cool-white fluorescence tubes.The day/night temperature regime was 25/21°C with a daylength of 13 h for wheat and 10 h for peas and spinach. Mature leaves were selected from these plants at the end of the night or after several hours in the light in the cabinet.Measurement of Oxygen Uptake in Leaves. Intact pea and spinach leaves or wheat leaf segments (30-80 cm2 area) were placed in an 02 electrode cuvette containing 105 ml of reaction medium (50 mm Hepes, 10 mm Mes buffer [pH 6.61,0.2 mM CaCl2, for wheat; and the same solution but with 10 mm Hepes for peas and spinach) in equilibrium with air. The wheat leaf segments (5-8 cm long) were obtained by sectioning leaves perpendicularly to the veins under buffer (see above) with a sharp razor blade. The linear depletion of the 02 concentration in a closed system was then measured polarographically using a Clark type 02 electrode. The solution was strongly stirred and 02 became limiting for respiration only at low concentrations (less than 100 tM). Measurements were made in the dark...

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supporting

confidence: 72%

Effect of Photosynthesis and Carbohydrate Status on Respiratory Rates and the Involvement of the Alternative Pathway in Leaf Respiration

Azcón-Bieto¹,

Lambers²,

Day³

1983

Plant Physiol.

208

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“…Rates of TDR have been shown to decline during the dark period and to be related to the rate of net photosynthesis that occurred during the previous light period (Ludwig et al, 1975;Pearson, 1979;Azcon-Bieto and Osmond, 1983). Therefore the long photoperiods to which arctic plants are typically exposed may influence the amount of TDR and APR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Field Survey of Respiration Rates in Leaves of Arctic Plants

McNulty¹,

Cummins²,

Pellizzari³

1988

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. In a survey of several plant species found at Churchill, Manitoba, in the transition zone between the low and subarctic regions, we measured leaf respiration in terms of total respiration and alternative pathway respiration rates. Leaves of arctic plants exhibit higher rates of total respiration and alternative (cyanide insensitive) respiration than temperate species. There is a negative correlation between plant height and alternative pathway activity. Shorter plants have higher rates of alternative pathway respiration. More alternative pathway activity may mean that there is less energy in the form of ATP available for growth. A shorter growth habit keeps these plants in the still air close to the ground. This prevents cooling, water loss and physical damage due to wind abrasion. Thus plants with high rates of alternative pathway respiration may be better adapted to the arctic environment. The alternative pathway respiration of Orchis roturuiijolia was shown to be under the influence of the biological clock. Key words: Subarctic, plant respiration, alternative pathway, cyanide insensitive RÉSUMÉ. Lors d'une étude sur plusieurs esp&ces de plantes qui poussentà Churchill, au Manitoba, dans la bande de transition entre l'Arctique inférieur et la zone subarctique, on a mesur6 la respiration des feuilles en termes de taux de respiration totale et par voie alterne. I1 en ressort que les feuilles des plantes de l'Arctique ont des taux plus élevts de respiration totale et alterne (insensible au cyanure) que les e s w e s des régions tempérées. I1 existe une corrélation négative entre la hauteur des plantes et la respiration par voie alterne. Les plantes plus petites ont des taux de respiration par voie alterne plus élevés. Une plus grande activité par voie alterne pourrait signifier qu'il y a moins d'énergie sous forme d' ATP (adénosine triphosphate) disponible pour la croissance. En raison de leur petite taille, ces plantes se maintiennent dans l'air calme prh du sol, ce qui 6vite le refroidissement, la perte d'eau et les dommages physiques causés par l'érosion éolienne. Les plantes qui ont des taux tlevts de respiration par voie alterne sont donc peut-6tre mieux adapt6es à l'environnement arctique. On a trouvé que la respiration par voie alterne de l'orchis rotundifdia h i t influencte par l'horloge biologique. Mots clés: subarctique, respiration des plantes, voie alterne, insensible au cyanure Traduit pour le journal par Ntsida Loyer.

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“…18) can be explained in terms of quantitative changes in carbohydrates, common metabolites to both processes.…”

Section: Azc5n-bieto and Osmondmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of CO2 efflux by respiration from single leaves and whole plants in the dark is linearly related to the rate of previous photosynthesis when the latter is varied by changing the light level or CO2 concentration (18,21). McCree (21) fitted an empirical equation in which the rate of dark CO2 efflux is proportional to photosynthesis and dry weight of living material on the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interactions between CO2 efflux from carbohydrate oxidation and photorespiration are discussed. It is concluded that the rate of CO2 efflux by respiration Is comparable in darkened and illuminated wheat leaves.The rate of CO2 efflux by respiration from single leaves and whole plants in the dark is linearly related to the rate of previous photosynthesis when the latter is varied by changing the light level or CO2 concentration (18,21). McCree (21) fitted an empirical equation in which the rate of dark CO2 efflux is proportional to photosynthesis and dry weight of living material on the plant.…”

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Relationship between Photosynthesis and Respiration

Azcón-Bieto¹,

Osmond²

1983

Plant Physiol.

310

101

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The rate of dark CO2 efflux from mature wheat (Triium aestivum cv Gabo) leaves at the end of the night is less than that found after a period of photosynthesis. After photosynthesis, the dark CO2 efflux shows complex dependence on time and temperature. For about 30 minutes after darkening, CO2 efflux includes a large component which can be abolished by transferring Muminated leaves to 3% 0 and 330 microbar CO2 before darkening. After 30 minutes of darkness, a relatively steady rate of CO2 efflux was obtained. The temperature dependence of steady-state dark CO2 efflux at the end of the night differs from that after a period of photosynthesis. The higher rate of dark CO2 effiux followin photosynthesis is correlated with accumulated net CO2 assimilation and with an increase in several carbohydrate fractions in the leaf. It is also correlated with an increase in the CO2 co_msation point in 21% 02, and an increase in the light compensation point. The interactions between CO2 efflux from carbohydrate oxidation and photorespiration are discussed. It is concluded that the rate of CO2 efflux by respiration Is comparable in darkened and illuminated wheat leaves.The rate of CO2 efflux by respiration from single leaves and whole plants in the dark is linearly related to the rate of previous photosynthesis when the latter is varied by changing the light level or CO2 concentration (18,21). McCree (21) fitted an empirical equation in which the rate of dark CO2 efflux is proportional to photosynthesis and dry weight of living material on the plant. This served as a basis for development of the theoretical concepts of growth and maintenance respiration by Penning de Vries (24). Both of these components of respiration are thought to involve, principally, carbohydrate oxidation through glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Growth respiration appears to be less sensitive to temperature than maintenance respiration (22). Explanations of the complex interactions between photosynthesis, temperature, and dark respiration are uncertain, although it is probable that the interaction is mediated by carbohydrate level (6,8).The extent to which tricarboxylic acid cycle respiration continues in the light in green leaves is uncertain. Graham (12) concluded that biochemical evidence suggests the tricarboxylic acid cycle continues to operate in illuminated leaves at about the same rate as it does in darkness. Physiological evidence is contradictory; some experiments are best explained in terms of significant CO2 efflux in illuminated leaves from sources other than photorespiration (3, 12) whereas others suggest that these other sources are negligible (7, 19, 23). The lack of methods for direct measurement ofthe rate ofrespiration during photosynthesis greatly complicates the resolution of this question. A new experimental approach is attempted in this paper.The experiments described here investigate the relationship between photosynthesis in mature wheat leaves, its products (particularly carbohyd...

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Tomato Leaf Photosynthesis and Respiration in Various Light and Carbon Dioxide Environments

Cited by 45 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Photosynthesis and Carbohydrate Status on Respiratory Rates and the Involvement of the Alternative Pathway in Leaf Respiration

Effect of Photosynthesis and Carbohydrate Status on Respiratory Rates and the Involvement of the Alternative Pathway in Leaf Respiration

A Field Survey of Respiration Rates in Leaves of Arctic Plants

Relationship between Photosynthesis and Respiration

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