Toluidine Blue in the Management of Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity

Strong, M. Stuart; Vaughan, Charles W.; Incze, Joseph S.

doi:10.1001/archotol.1968.00760060529017

Cited by 81 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…To better evaluate the mucosal alteration, we administered an oral rinse with toluidine blue, which clinically stains malignant lesions and not normal mucosa (Tables 1-4). [1][2][3] This diagnostic step confirmed that 156 lesions were negative for oral cancer and 22 positive.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Marijuana as Promoter for Oral Cancer? More Than a Suspect

Ahrens¹,

Bressi

2007

Addictive Disorders &Amp; Their Treatment

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Based on our 5 case reports on marijuana smokers who developed an erythroplastic lesion, we decided to start a larger study to investigate the relationship between drug smoking and oral cancer, as we are aware of the relationship between tobacco smoking and/or alcohol addiction, and oral cancer. To realize this study, we asked many of our colleagues to help us in collecting data from their patients presenting with an erythroplastic lesion who have history of tobacco or drug smoking, but not alcohol addiction. The results we obtained confirmed our hypothesis that marijuana smoking can be considered a promoter for oral cancer, though the process is not understood.Thanks to our 45 colleagues who participated. To these 45 we sent instructions on mode of data recording and steps of the examination protocol that we usually follow in evaluating and getting a complete picture of oral complex.Because floor of the mouth, soft palate complex, and ventral and lateral surfaces of tongue are not so easy to evaluate, we pay much attention to examining these areas.We used a dental mirror, which is rigid and better tolerated by the patient, to evaluate the intraoral mucosal surfaces, and also used a dental lamp to have a better intensity and color balance to better appreciate the eventual mucosal alterations.To examine the posterior floor of the mouth, the retromolar trigone and the structures near by, we grasped the anterior part of the tongue with sponge gauze moved the tongue in all the possible directions and also withdrew it as far as possible out of the oral cavity.We also elevated the posterior floor of the mouth applying an external pressure in proximity of the submandibular gland and we also evaluated for cervical adenopathy.We collected 178 cases of erythroplastic lesions, 101 males and 77 females, with a mean age of 29 years, range 18 to 45 years.We evaluated only patients who were addicted to tobacco smoking but not to marijuana and alcohol, and patients addicted to tobacco and marijuana but not to alcohol. In these 2 groups, subjects who were considered social drinkers were included mainly because we considered this condition not conditioning the result of our study. RESULTSAfter evaluation, with each subject an interview was held and it probe into addictions and presence of other risk factors.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Marijuana as Promoter for Oral Cancer? More Than a Suspect

Ahrens¹,

Bressi

2007

Addictive Disorders &Amp; Their Treatment

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“…Toluidine blue has been established as a diagnostic adjunct in detecting oral lesions related to invasive carcinomas, carcinoma in situ or early asymptomatic oral carcinomas [26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemiluminescence and Toluidine Blue as Diagnostic Tools for Detecting Early Stages of Oral Cancer: An invivo Study

Vashisht¹,

Ravikiran

Samatha

et al. 2014

JCDR

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“…The exact mechanism of action of the dye is a subject of controversy. STRONG et al 23 suggested that although the dye has affinity towards nuclei, much of its action is based on the fact that the haphazard arrangement of tumour cells creates intercellular spaces or canaliculi that allow penetration and retention of the dye. Although the normal mucosa does not stain macroscopically, light microscopic analysis revealed a slight uptake of the dye by the superficial cell layer 5 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemiluminescence as a diagnostic aid in the detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant epithelial lesions

Ram

Siar

2005

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

117

125

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Chemiluminescence was evaluated as a diagnostic aid in the detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant epithelial lesions (PMELs) by comparing it against 1% tolonium chloride mouth rinse. Forty-six clinically identified lesions [14 primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 26 PMELs and 6 benign lesions] and five cases of normal oral mucosa from 40 subjects (inclusive of 10 previously treated SCC cases) were examined with a commercial chemiluminescent kit (Vizilite) and tolonium chloride. Biopsy and histological verification of 31 lesions disclosed 14 SCC (45.2%), 10 epithelial dysplasias (32.3%), 5 lichen planus (16.1%) and 2 benign lesions (6.4%). For the remaining 15 lesions, a biopsy was not performed owing to patient's lack of consent or ill-health. The five cases of normal oral mucosa which tested negative for both tools were also not biopsied for ethical reasons. Sensitivity for Vizilite and tolonium chloride was 100% and 70.3%, respectively; and specificity was 14.2% for Vizilite and 25% for tolonium chloride. Their accuracy was 80.6% and 64.5%, respectively. Current findings suggest that chemiluminescence is a more reliable diagnostic tool than tolonium chloride in the detection of oral cancer and PMELs, and for follow-up of patients treated for the same.

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Toluidine Blue in the Management of Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity

Cited by 81 publications

References 3 publications

Marijuana as Promoter for Oral Cancer? More Than a Suspect

Marijuana as Promoter for Oral Cancer? More Than a Suspect

Chemiluminescence and Toluidine Blue as Diagnostic Tools for Detecting Early Stages of Oral Cancer: An invivo Study

Chemiluminescence as a diagnostic aid in the detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant epithelial lesions

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