Toluene ammoxidation on α-Fe2O3-based catalysts

Effect of catalyst preparation on the carbon nanotube growth rate

“…It has been reported that the reduction of Fe 2 O 3 to Fe 3 O 4 normally occurs at around 400 8C [14], which agrees well with the TPR curves in Fig. 2.…”

Three-dimensionally ordered and wormhole-like mesoporous iron oxide catalysts highly active for the oxidation of acetone and methanol

“…For each catalyst, two reduction steps were observed in the range of 190-320 and 320-600 • C, respectively. The former step was due to the reduction of˛-Fe 2 O 3 to Fe 3 O 4 [26,27], whereas the latter step originated from the reduction of Fe 3 O 4 to Fe 0 [23,26,27]. After quantifying the reduction bands, for the bulk-Fe, Fe-KIT6-300, Fe-KIT6-400, Fe-KIT6-500, Fe-CA-300, Fe-CA-400, and Fe-CA-500 catalysts, the H 2 consumption in the low-temperature region (190-320 • C) was 1.65, 1.68, 1.70, 1.68, 1.69, 1.69, and 1.69 mmol/g, whereas that in the high-temperature region (320-600 • C) was 16.09, 16.13, 16.15, 16.13, 16.15, 16.14, and 16.14 mmol/g, respectively.…”

Green synthesis of benzonitrile using ionic liquid with multiple roles as the recycling agent

“…1 It is also a prominent intermediate for the production of benzoguanamine, 2 which is a widely used advanced coating. Classical methods for benzonitrile synthesis are the cyanation of benzene halides, 3,4 toluene halides and ammonia reaction, 5 ammoxidation of toluene, ammonia and air, [6][7][8] benzoic acid and urea reaction, 9 and the cyanidation of benzaldehyde. [10][11][12][13] Among them, preparation of benzonitrile from benzaldehyde and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH 2 OH$HCl) is one of the most interesting and advantageous approaches due to the constant carbon number in the reactant and nal product, mild reaction conditions, low production cost and prospect for industrial-scale application.…”