Toluene alkylation with 1-octene over supported heteropoly acids on MCM-41 catalysts

Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Some Layered Compounds Based on Long‐Chain Sulfonium Cations and Complex Cobalt and Copper Anions

“…Supported PWA catalysts (PWA/NCNT and PWA/MCM‐41) exhibited a better activity than bare PWA clusters as PWA is an insoluble bulk material that has a much lower surface area than supported PWA catalysts in toluene, which has a low polarity (Table 2). Unlike in a polar solvent (water or phenyl nitrile), PWA/NCNT exhibits a lower acidic catalytic activity than PWA/MCM‐41 (2470 vs. 5732 mmol toluene mol catalyst −1 min −1 ), which suggests that the hydrophobic protection brought by the CNT support is not a decisive factor, and the acidic catalytic activity of PWA may only depend on its dispersion state and the surface area of the support in low‐polarity reaction systems 26. This proves the importance of hydrophobic protection to PWA especially in highly polar reaction systems and suggests that polar reaction media are more conducive to the unique high catalytic activity of the proposed PWA/NCNT hybrid catalyst.…”

“…The Friedel–Crafts alkylation of aromatic compounds is one of the most important processes for the synthesis of alkyl aromatic compounds on an industrial scale 26. In our alkylation reaction system, toluene was used as both the reactant and solvent, and the reactions between toluene and 1‐octene give the 2‐phenyl isomer as the main product under the catalysis of PWA (Scheme ; selectivity for the 2‐phenyl isomer >99 %) 26. Supported PWA catalysts (PWA/NCNT and PWA/MCM‐41) exhibited a better activity than bare PWA clusters as PWA is an insoluble bulk material that has a much lower surface area than supported PWA catalysts in toluene, which has a low polarity (Table 2).…”

Transition Metal-Substituted Salt of Tungsten-Based Polyoxometalate-Supported Mesoporous Silica as a Catalyst for Organic Transformation Reactions

“…Thus, the mesoporosity remains intact after the modification of the silica network with Cu x H 3−2x PW 12 O 40 . There is a little bit reduction and broadening of the (100) peak of H 3 PW 12 O 40 /MCM-41 after modification of Cu 1.5 PW 12 O 40 indicating a slight disturbance in hexagonal symmetry [26].…”

Catalytic upgrading of bio‐oils by esterification

“…This issue may be overcome by dispersing the HPA over a high surface area support material and it has been demonstrated that this can yield a catalyst superior to the unsupported equivalent. As a result of the desirable catalytic properties of supported HPAs, there are now a wide range of reports of the preparation of such solid acid materials and their performance in reactions such as alkylation, dehydration, esterification and hydroxylation . The most suitable wt% loading of HPA varies with the nature of the reaction, since non‐polar substrates may only react at the surface of the solid acid, whereas polar reagents may be absorbed into the bulk of the material and therefore may benefit from higher wt% loadings of supported heteropolyacid .…”