Toluene abuse causing reduced MR signal intensity in the brain.

Caldemeyer, Karen S.; Pascuzzi, Robert M.; Moran, Catherine C.; Smith, Richard R.

doi:10.2214/ajr.161.6.8249738

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Imaging findings that have been reported include cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, atrophy of the corpus callosum, loss of gray-white matter discrimination on T2-weighted images, abnormal T2 hyperintensity in the white matter, and abnormal T2 hypointensity of the thalami and extrapyramidal system [1][2][3]. The present study showed these same findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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The Spectrum of Neuroimaging Abnormalities in Solvent Abuse and Their Clinical Correlation

Caldemeyer

Armstrong

George

et al. 1996

Journal of Neuroimaging

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The brain magnetic resonance (MR) images and medical records of 6 patients with a history of chronic toluene abuse were reviewed retrospectively. The imaging findings were correlated with clinical impairment. The major findings consisted of atrophy (6 patients), white matter T2 hyperintensity (6 patients), and T2 hypointensity involving the basal ganglia and thalami (5 patients). Also seen was focal enhancement, previously unreported for patients who abused toluene. This study showed a correlation between the degree of neurological impairment and extent of white matter disease. There was no correlation between the severity of white matter changes on MR images and the presence of T2 hypointensity or duration of toluene abuse. There was no definite clinical evidence of damage to the basal ganglia and thalami despite the MR imaging finding of T2 hypointensity. Temporal evidence against the theory that toluene accumulation causes the T2 hypointensity was found.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Previous studies showed a correlation between neurological impairment and extent of white matter disease [4], which was present in the study reported here. Hypointensity in the thalami and basal ganglia of toluene abusers has been attributed to iron deposition [ 1] and toluene …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spectrum of Neuroimaging Abnormalities in Solvent Abuse and Their Clinical Correlation

Caldemeyer

Armstrong

George

et al. 1996

Journal of Neuroimaging

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“…Seventy percent to 80% is metabolized in the liver and subsequently eliminated through the kidneys [2]. Toluene is lipid soluble and rapidly absorbed by the lipid-rich CNS [3]. The euphoric effects of toluene are mediated through stimulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor complex, the primary system responsible for inhibitory neurotransmission within the CNS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toluene optic neurotoxicity: magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic features

et al. 2011

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“…White matter hyperintensity is considered to represent damage to myelin (demyelination or myelin pallor) and gliosis [8]. The thalamic and basal ganglionic hypointensities are due to iron deposition or partitioning of toluene into the lipid membranes of cells in cerebral tissue [5,6]. Diffuse brain atrophy including cerebellum and corpus callosum may be secondary results of brain damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cranial MR imaging findings associated with chronic thinner (toluene) intoxication have been reported in neurology and radiology journals [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. The typical MR features on T2-and proton-density (PD)-weighted images include diffuse white matter hyperintensity of both pyramidal tracts and ponto-cerebellar tracts, hypointense thalami and basal ganglias, and diffuse brain atrophy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between patient characteristics and cranial MR findings in chronic thinner intoxication

Uchino¹,

Kato²,

Yuzuriha

et al. 2001

Eur Radiol

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Chronic thinner intoxication is one of the most serious social problems among teenagers and young adults in Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of patients with thinner intoxication who had positive MR findings. During the past 4 years, cranial MR imaging of 85 patients (51 males and 34 females) with chronic thinner intoxication was done at a national psychiatric hospital. The MR imaging was performed on a 1.0-T scanner with use of standard pulse sequences including fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR). The established characteristic MR findings of chronic thinner intoxication were observed in 8 of the 85 patients: 4 males and 4 females. The female patients tended toward emaciation and were approximately 5 years younger than the male patients. Six of the 8 patients had severe neurological symptoms such as cerebellar ataxia and decreased visual acuity. In contrast, only 3 of 77 (4%) patients with normal MR findings had mild neurological abnormalities such as tremor. If patients with chronic thinner intoxication have significant neurological symptoms, MR imaging should be performed for evaluation of brain abnormalities. Emaciated female patients may be particularly vulnerable to neurological damage caused by thinner intoxication.

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Toluene abuse causing reduced MR signal intensity in the brain.

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

The Spectrum of Neuroimaging Abnormalities in Solvent Abuse and Their Clinical Correlation

The Spectrum of Neuroimaging Abnormalities in Solvent Abuse and Their Clinical Correlation

Toluene optic neurotoxicity: magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic features

Comparison between patient characteristics and cranial MR findings in chronic thinner intoxication

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