Toll‐Like Receptors: Role in Inflammation and Cancer

Tartey, Sarang; Takeuchi, Osamu

doi:10.1002/9781118826621.ch7

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…TLRs are the family of transmembrane receptors on innate immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. They can recognize PAMPs and DAMPs of necrotic and apoptotic cells from a foreign specific microbe, including antigens from various tumor sources, to initiate an immune response (Barton and Kagan, 2009;Tartey and Takeuchi, 2014). The immune system recognizes tumor cells through tumor antigens.…”

Section: The Mechanism Underlying the Role Of Tlrs In Tumor Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

TLRs as a Promise Target Along With Immune Checkpoint Against Gastric Cancer

Cui

Wang

Zhang

2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, and the incidence of gastric cancer in Asia appears to increase in recent years. Although there is a lot of improvement in treatment approaches, the prognosis of GC is poor. So it is urgent to search for a novel and more effective treatment to improve the survival rate of patients. Both innate immunity and adaptive immunity are important in cancer. In the innate immune system, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activate immune responses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Many studies have reported that TLRs are involved in the occurrence, development, and treatment of GC. Therefore, TLRs are potential targets for immunotherapy to gastric cancer. However, gastric cancer is a heterogeneous disorder, and TLRs function in GC is complex. TLRs agonists can be potentially used not only as therapeutic agents to treat gastric cancer but also as adjuvants in conjunction with other immunotherapies. They might provide a promising new target for GC treatment. In the review, we sort out the mechanism of TLRs involved in tumor immunity and summarize the current progress in TLRs-based therapeutic approaches and other immunotherapies in the treatment of GC.

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Section: The Mechanism Underlying the Role Of Tlrs In Tumor Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

TLRs as a Promise Target Along With Immune Checkpoint Against Gastric Cancer

Cui

Wang

Zhang

2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Targeting Toll-Like Receptors for Cancer Therapy

2018

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The immune system encompasses a broad array of defense mechanisms against foreign threats, including invading pathogens and transformed neoplastic cells. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critically involved in innate immunity, serving as pattern recognition receptors whose stimulation leads to additional innate and adaptive immune responses. Malignant cells exploit the natural immunomodulatory functions of TLRs, expressed mainly by infiltrating immune cells but also aberrantly by tumor cells, to foster their survival, invasion, and evasion of anti-tumor immune responses. An extensive body of research has demonstrated context-specific roles for TLR activation in different malignancies, promoting disease progression in certain instances while limiting cancer growth in others. Despite these conflicting roles, TLR agonists have established therapeutic benefits as anti-cancer agents that activate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and facilitate the expression of cytokines that allow for infiltration of anti-tumor lymphocytes and the suppression of oncogenic signaling pathways. This review focuses on the clinical application of TLR agonists for cancer treatment. We also highlight agents that are undergoing development in clinical trials, including investigations of TLR agonists in combination with other immunotherapies.

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