Toll-Like Receptors in Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of Type I transmembrane proteins characterized by an extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain and a cytoplasmic domain. TLRs represent a conserved group of receptors which help the immune system to function properly. Different TLRs are associated with an array of skin diseases. TLR agonists and antagonists have great potential for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory diseases.

Activated TLR2/4-positive T cells boost cell exhaustion during lepromatous leprosy infection via PD-1 upregulation

“…They are non-catalytic, single membrane-spanning receptors that detect structurally conserved microbe-derived compounds [ 7 ]. TLRs sense bacteria that have been broken through physical barriers such as the skin or mucosa of the digestive tract, have been reported in triggering immune cell responses [ 8 ]. The highly conserved TLRs on the surface of monocytes and macrophages identify mycobacterial lipoproteins.…”