Toll-like receptor mRNA expression, iNOS gene polymorphism and serum nitric oxide levels in indigenous chickens

Abstract

Toll-like receptor (TLR) family is one of the important members of innate immune system that recognizes conserved microbial patterns and induces innate immune response. They also act as a link to adaptive immune response. Nitric oxide (NO) is a multi-functional mediator with diverse physiological and immunological roles. In the present study TLR mRNA expression in heterophils, serum nitric oxide level and iNOS (inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase) gene polymorphism were investigated in cockerels of two Indian native chicken breeds, Aseel and Kadaknath. TLR (4 and 5) mRNA expression as quantified by real time RT-PCR revealed Kadaknath males expressed significantly (P < 0.01) higher TLR4 mRNA than Aseel males. iNOS gene polymorphism analyzed by PCR-RFLP method revealed difference in allele frequency. Kadaknath males had higher allele B frequency (0.81) than Aseel males (0.56). However, there were no genotype and breed effect on serum nitric oxide level. Based on the present study we conclude that Kadaknath has comparatively higher innate immunity levels than Aseel, however further investigations are needed.

Polymorphisms and Associations of the NRAMP-1 and iNOS Genes on Newcastle Disease and Salmonella enteritidis Resistances in SenSi-1 Agrinak Chickens

“…NRAMP-1 and iNOS gene fragments were amplified at an annealing temperature of 60 o C for 20 seconds using the ESCO Thermocycler machine. This result is in accordance with the result reported by Muhsinin et al (2016), but different from the result reported by Liu et al (2016) and Ramasamy et al (2011) at annealing temperature that has been carried out for the primers of NRAMP-1 exon 11 and iNOS intron 24 gene fragments, each at 64 o C for 90 seconds and 55 o C for 1 minute.…”

The effects of polymorphisms inIL-2,IFN-γ,TGF-β2,IgL,TLR-4,MD-2, andiNOSgenes on resistance toSalmonellaEnteritidis in indigenous chickens

“…Second, the mutation could change the regulatory function of that intronic region. Ramasamy et al (2011) did not find any association between different genotypes of iNOS and the level of nitric oxide in Indian native breeds. However, sampling in that study was performed at 44 weeks of age without bacterial challenge.…”

Illumina Next Generation Sequencing for the Analysis of Eimeria Populations in Commercial Broilers and Indigenous Chickens

“…The first, the Cobb400, is a commercial broiler line used widely in India that is descended from Cobb500 and Cobb100 hybrids, the latter of which had previously been acclimatized within India ( 23 ). The second was the indigenous Indian Kadaknath chicken, a breed prized for its “black” meat, reported to be resistant to some infectious diseases ( 24 , 25 ), and to present immune parameters distinct from those of modern commercial broiler chickens ( 26 , 27 ).…”