Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity against herpesviridae infection: a current perspective on viral infection signaling pathways

Zheng, W. Jim; Xu, Qing; Zhang, Yiyuan; Xiaofei, E; Gao, Wei; Zhang, Mogen; Zhai, Weijie; Rajkumar, Ronaldjit Singh; Liu, Zhijun

doi:10.1186/s12985-020-01463-2

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 244 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) family is a group of membrane receptors found mainly in the immune system and correlated to inflammation during viral infection and tumorigenesis [ 92 , 93 , 94 ]. Among other receptors, HA binds the TLR4 promoting tumor growth and differentiation.…”

Section: Hyaluronan In Tme: a Simple Extracellular Macromolecule With A High Impact In Tumor Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, and Proteostasis in Tumor Microenvironment

Marozzi

Parnigoni

Negri

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cancer is a multifaceted and complex pathology characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Most cancers are recognized by an inflammatory environment rich in a myriad of factors produced by immune infiltrate cells that induce host cells to differentiate and to produce a matrix that is more favorable to tumor cells’ survival and metastasis. As a result, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is changed in terms of macromolecules content, degrading enzymes, and proteins. Altered ECM components, derived from remodeling processes, interact with a variety of surface receptors triggering intracellular signaling that, in turn, cancer cells exploit to their own benefit. This review aims to present the role of different aspects of ECM components in the tumor microenvironment. Particularly, we highlight the effect of pro- and inflammatory factors on ECM degrading enzymes, such as metalloproteases, and in a more detailed manner on hyaluronan metabolism and the signaling pathways triggered by the binding of hyaluronan with its receptors. In addition, we sought to explore the role of extracellular chaperones, especially of clusterin which is one of the most prominent in the extracellular space, in proteostasis and signaling transduction in the tumor microenvironment. Although the described tumor microenvironment components have different biological roles, they may engage common signaling pathways that favor tumor growth and metastasis.

show abstract

Section: Hyaluronan In Tme: a Simple Extracellular Macromolecule With A High Impact In Tumor Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, and Proteostasis in Tumor Microenvironment

Marozzi

Parnigoni

Negri

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, it was reported that del-LMP-1 without well-characterized CTAR1 and CTAR2 domains, which are important for the activation of NF-kB pathways, revealed decreased efficacy in lowering TLR9 level. The relationships presented by the researchers showed the consequences of the activation of the NF-kB pathway through the mechanism used by LMP-1 to regulate TLR9 expression [18,29,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various researches revealed that TLR9 are important factor mediating interaction between EBV and the host immune response [17,18]. Moreover, during viral infections, the role and response of TLR may influence transformation to malignancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum and Tissue Level of TLR9 in EBV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer

Stępień

Strycharz-Dudziak

Malm

et al. 2021

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with the development of various epithelial malignancies including cancer in the head and neck region. Several studies have shown that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are required for an innate immune response to infection with human DNA viruses, e.g., EBV. During viral infections, TLR response may influence the transformation to malignancy. The aim of the study was to assess TLR9 serum and tissue level in EBV(+) and EBV(−) oropharyngeal cancer patients. The study involved 78 patients: 42 EBV(+) and 36 EBV(−). EBV DNA was detected in fresh frozen tumor tissue. TLR9 level was measured in homogenate of tumor tissue and in serum. Moreover, in serum samples IL-10, VEGF, TGFβ, TNFα and antibodies against EBV were detected using ELISA test. TLR9 level was significantly lower in EBV(+) patients, both in tissue and serum, while EBVCA, EBNA and VEGF level was statistically higher in EBV(+) patients. An increase in EBVCA and EBNA antibodies titer was correlated with a TLR9 level decrease. TLR9 level was higher in poorly-differentiated tumors (G3), in tumor of larger dimensions (T3-T4) and with lymph nodes involvement (N3-N4) but without statistical significance. High levels of anti-EA antibodies in the majority of EBV(+) patients may point to the reactivation of EBV infection.

show abstract

“…Their findings have potential implications for HCMV-related kidney disease. As in other infectious pathogens, the innate immune responses to CMV are thought to be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns that engage pattern recognition receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), resulting in the release of anti-viral and pro-inflammatory cytokines (West et al, 2012;Zheng et al, 2020). Frascaroli et al analyzed TLR genotypes and responses in immunocompetent patients with primary symptomatic HCMV infection presenting as mononucleosis.…”

Section: Innate and Adaptive Immune Control Of CMV Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Cytomegalovirus Pathogenesis and Host Interactions

Poole

Nevels

2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Editorial on the Research Topic Cytomegalovirus Pathogenesis and Host Interactions SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH TOPICHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a very widespread and highly prevalent b-herpesvirus, which sometimes causes mononucleosis following primary infection but is rarely associated with severe disease in immunocompetent individuals (Boeckh and Geballe, 2011;Griffiths et al., 2015). However, like all herpesviruses, HCMV establishes infections that last for the life of the host in part by residing in a dormant state referred to as 'latency ' (Sinclair and Poole, 2014;Dupont and Reeves, 2016). Reactivation from latency or primary infection can cause debilitating damage in unborn children or life-threatening disease in immunosuppressed patients including recipients of solid organ or hematopoietic cell transplants (Collins-McMillen et al., 2018;Heald-Sargent et al., 2020). Besides human cell culture systems of HCMV productive and latent infection (Peppenelli et al., 2021;Poole et al., 2021), mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) have served as invaluable models to understand host immune responses, viral immune evasion strategies and the mechanisms of pathogenesis (Brizic et al., 2018;Reddehase and Lemmermann, 2018). HCMV replicates productively in a wide variety of terminally differentiated cell types ('lytic' infection) while targeting select undifferentiated cells, including myeloid progenitors and monocytes, for latent infection (Sinclair and Poole, 2014;Goodrum, 2016). CMVs are highly sophisticated pathogens encoding hundreds of proteins and non-coding RNAs that engage in a myriad of host interactions (Stern-Ginossar et al., 2012;Weekes et al., 2014). The study of these interactions is constantly revealing new and surprising insights into both the replication and persistence strategies of the virus as well as the biology of the host cell and organism.The recently published Research Topic 'Cytomegalovirus Pathogenesis and Host Interactions' combines 28 articles (8 Original Research Articles, 10 Brief Research Reports, 8 Reviews, 1 Mini Review and this Editorial), involving 138 authors, 45 reviewers and 5 editors working in the field. Below, we are providing an overview of the articles published in this Research Topic, dividing them into the four sections 'innate and adaptive immune control of CMV pathogenesis' (11 articles), 'host interactions during CMV latency and reactivation' (6 articles), 'host interactions during productive CMV infection' (6 articles) and 'targeting CMV pathogenesis by anti-viral therapy' (4 articles).

show abstract

Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immunity against herpesviridae infection: a current perspective on viral infection signaling pathways

Cited by 41 publications

References 244 publications

Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, and Proteostasis in Tumor Microenvironment

Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, and Proteostasis in Tumor Microenvironment

Serum and Tissue Level of TLR9 in EBV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer

Editorial: Cytomegalovirus Pathogenesis and Host Interactions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About