Toll‐like receptor 9 mediates invasion and predicts prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue

Abstract

Toll-like receptor 9 mediates OTSCC invasion and migration in vitro and is an independent prognostic factor of OTSCC. Inhibition of TLR9 may be a novel therapeutic opportunity in oral cancer.

Eruptive squamous cell carcinoma in a patient treated with concomitant pembrolizumab and imiquimod

“…Biopsy confirmed SCC. They suggested that the TLR9 agonist elicited the increased expression of matrix metalloprotease 13, as is seen in oral SCC, and increased the invasion and migration of previously undiagnosed SCC . They also cited cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) activation by the TLR9 agonist.…”

“…They suggested that the TLR9 agonist elicited the increased expression of matrix metalloprotease 13, as is seen in oral SCC, and increased the invasion and migration of previously undiagnosed SCC. 2,4 They also cited cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) activation by the TLR9 agonist. COX-2, a ratelimiting enzyme for prostanoid synthesis, and its major product, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), play key roles in both inflammation and cancer development.…”

Combination immunotherapy with TLR agonists and checkpoint inhibitors suppresses head and neck cancer

“…The expression of TLR7 or TLR9 by malignant cells has been reported to promote tumor progression following treatment with TLR7 or TLR9 agonists (73)(74)(75). We investigated mRNA expression of TLRs among 967 human cancer cell lines in the Cancer Cell Line encyclopedia database (https://portals.broadinstitute.org/ccle) and found that only a few of the human cancer cell lines express TLR7 or TLR9.…”

Toll‐like receptors 2, 4, and 9 in primary, metastasized, and recurrent oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas

“…TLR expression between the metastasized and non‐metastasized OTSCCs showed no significant differences. Another study by Kauppila et al revealed that high TLR‐9 expression is an independent prognostic factor in OTSCC and that TLR‐9 mediates invasion in vitro .…”

“…Researchers have studied the expression and function of TLRs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCCs of different subsites express TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4, TLR-5, TLR-7, and TLR-9 both in vitro (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) and in vivo (15,(17)(18)(19)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28).…”