Toll Like Receptor-4 Signalling In Ventilator-induced Diaphragm Atrophy

CrossTalk proposal: Mechanical ventilation‐induced diaphragm atrophy is primarily due to inactivity

“…Hence, increased circulating cytokines is not a requirement for MV‐induced diaphragm atrophy in rats. In contrast to these results in rats, a recent report suggests that 8 h of MV increases plasma concentrations of keratinocyte‐derived chemokine (KC) in mice (Schellekens et al 2012). Note, however, that this work does not demonstrate a causal relationship between KC and diaphragm atrophy.…”

“…A recent study reported that prolonged MV (e.g. 8 h) results in a loss of myosin heavy chain protein in diaphragm muscle fibres in wild‐type mice (Schellekens et al 2012). In contrast, TLR4 knockout mice did not exhibit MV‐induced reductions in the myosin heavy chain content in diaphragm fibres.…”