Toll‐Like Receptor 2 and 4 Gene Polymorphisms in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis

Emingil, Gülnur; Berdelı, Afig; Baylas, Haluk; Saygan, Buket Han; Gürkan, Ali; Köse, Timur; Atilla, Gül

doi:10.1902/jop.2007.060360

Cited by 42 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…The frequency of these polymorphisms is around 2.6% to 10% in healthy controls in Western populations [26,27]. The frequency among our controls in the previous study was 3% for Asp299Gly and 2% for Thr399Ile polymorphisms [18], being compatible with the rates reported in a healthy Turkish population previously (2.9% and 2.3%, respectively) [28]. The frequency among the study population (one in all 39 FMF patients, 2.6%) was not increased contrary to our expectation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

TLR Polymorphisms in FMF: Association of TLR-2 (Arg753Gln) and TLR-4 (Asp299Gly, Thre399Ile) Polymorphisms and Myeloid Cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 Expression with the Development of Secondary Amyloidosis in FMF

et al. 2010

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Amyloidosis is the major complication of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are involved in the activation of an innate immune system TLR-2 and TLR-4 recognize lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. While TLR-2 Arg753Gln polymorphism upregulates, TLR-4 Asp299Gly and Thre399Ile polymorphisms downregulate inflammation. We investigated the effect of these polymorphisms on the development of amyloidosis in FMF patients. We also investigated myeloid cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions in these patients. We studied 26 FMF patients and 13 FMF patients with amyloidosis. TLR-2 Arg753Gln and TLR-4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms were analyzed with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Myeloid cell baseline TLR-2 and TLR-4 and LPS-induced TLR-4 expressions were evaluated. The TLR-2 and TLR-4 polymorphism rate was compared with the results of 100 healthy subjects in our previous study. In addition, 13 healthy controls were enrolled for leukocyte TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions. Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels were measured in these 13 control cases and in FMF patients during attack-free periods. The frequency of TLR-2 Arg753Gln, TLR-4 Asp299Gly, and Thr399Ile polymorphisms in healthy controls in our previous study were 1%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. The frequency of these polymorphisms were not different in FMF patients (with or without amyloidosis) compared to the control group. Likewise, myeloid cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions were not different among the controls and FMF patients. However, LPS-induced TLR-4 expression in granulocytes was more prominent in FMF patients. There was no correlation between TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions and SAA levels. Neither myeloid cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressions nor TLR-2 Arg753Gln, TLR-4 Asp299Gly, and Thr399Ile polymorphisms seem to affect the development of secondary amyloidosis in FMF patients in our study population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

TLR Polymorphisms in FMF: Association of TLR-2 (Arg753Gln) and TLR-4 (Asp299Gly, Thre399Ile) Polymorphisms and Myeloid Cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 Expression with the Development of Secondary Amyloidosis in FMF

et al. 2010

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“…Sometimes the criteria of the American Academy of Periodontology [19,20,24,25,29,30], the definition by Machtei et al [26] or by Page and Ecke [32] were utilized. On the other hand, in some papers, measurements of alveolar bone loss on radiographs were used as a diagnostic criterion [18,20,21,[27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest of the publications included 2 polymorphisms. In 8 articles [18, 21, 23, 25-27, 30, 31] study groups consisted of subjects with chronic periodontitis, in 2 [24,29] aggressive periodontitis and in 5 [19,20,22,28,32] The frequency of Asp299Gly polymorphism was 12.83% among subjects with periodontitis (13.76% in CP and 10.57% in AgP) and 12.14% in the control group. The frequency of Asp299Gly allele in periodontitis was 6.44% (6.93% in CP and 5.28% in AgP) and 5.47% in the control group.…”

Section: Studies Included In the Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymorphisms of Toll-Like Receptor 4 as a Risk Factor for Periodontitis: Meta-Analysis

2015

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“…Each TLR recognizes a specific PAMP, including the recognition of lipoproteins, lipoteichoic acid and zymosan by TLR-2 and LPS by TLR-4 [15,16]. The identification of TLRs, which can be isolated in blood or saliva, has influenced microbiology and immunology by enabling the development of new therapies based on their induction and interference in their signal mechanisms [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus and periodontal disease association mediated by Toll-like receptors 2 and 4

Marques

Maor

Andrade

et al. 2015

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Summary Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) participate in the innate immune response and trigger the immune responses of the body. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology, characterized by an excessive autoimmune response in the body affecting the connective tissues. The disease is possibly triggered by both environmental aetiological factors and pathological organic processes such as exposure to sunlight, chronic infectious processes and genetic factors. Conversely, periodontal disease is an infectious disease caused by microorganisms in the oral cavity, resulting in a chronic inflammatory process which continuously stimulates the immune response, thus causing damage to the periodontal tissues. The expression of both TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 receptors are increased in both SLE and periodontal disease. Periodontitis might trigger excessive activation of immune response occurring in SLE by maintaining a high expression of TLRs, leading in turn to the acceleration of the onset and progression of autoimmune reactions. In addition, periodontal treatment is able to reduce the expression of these receptors and therefore the symptoms of SLE. Here we discuss the possible interaction between SLE and periodontitis, and suggest further studies evaluating common features in both factors that could explored, due to morbidity and mortality of SLE and the high incidence of periodontal infections around the world.

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Toll‐Like Receptor 2 and 4 Gene Polymorphisms in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis

Cited by 42 publications

References 45 publications

TLR Polymorphisms in FMF: Association of TLR-2 (Arg753Gln) and TLR-4 (Asp299Gly, Thre399Ile) Polymorphisms and Myeloid Cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 Expression with the Development of Secondary Amyloidosis in FMF

TLR Polymorphisms in FMF: Association of TLR-2 (Arg753Gln) and TLR-4 (Asp299Gly, Thre399Ile) Polymorphisms and Myeloid Cell TLR-2 and TLR-4 Expression with the Development of Secondary Amyloidosis in FMF

Polymorphisms of Toll-Like Receptor 4 as a Risk Factor for Periodontitis: Meta-Analysis

Possible evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus and periodontal disease association mediated by Toll-like receptors 2 and 4

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