Tolerant mechanism of model legume plant Medicago truncatula to drought, salt, and cold stresses

Abstract

Legume plants produce one-third of the total yield of primary crops and are important food sources for both humans and animals worldwide. Frequent exposure to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salt, and cold, greatly limits the production of legume crops. Several morphological, physiological, and molecular studies have been conducted to characterize the response and adaptation mechanism to abiotic stresses. The tolerant mechanisms of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula to abiotic stresses have been extensively studied. Although many potential genes and integrated networks underlying the M. truncatula in responding to abiotic stresses have been identified and described, a comprehensive summary of the tolerant mechanism is lacking. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the adaptive mechanism by which M. truncatula responds to drought, salt, and cold stress. We also discuss future research that need to be explored to improve the abiotic tolerance of legume plants.

Responses of sorghum to cold stress: A review focused on molecular breeding

“…Cold temperatures affect critical cellular functions such as photosynthesis, respiration, and membrane permeability (Rawat et al, 2021;Daems et al, 2022;Li et al, 2022). Meanwhile, the process of cold acclimation involves many physiological, biochemical, metabolic, and molecular changes (Achard et al, 2008;Bu et al, 2021;Yu et al, 2022;Rani et al, 2021;Goswami et al, 2022;Hu et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022).…”

“…Therefore, understanding the cold stress response is crucial for improving crops against cold (Adhikari et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2022). Molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms activated to respond to cold stress determine the plant's susceptibility or tolerance to the environment (Goswami et al, 2022;Liu et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022).…”

“…Several studies have examined the cold response in different plants and tissues (Zhou et al, 2021;Adhikari et al, 2022;Huang et al, 2022;Khanthavong et al, 2022;(Kidokoro et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022). In this sense, sorghum has been identified as a susceptible crop at low temperatures (Burow et al, 2011;Chopra et al, 2015).…”

Protein kinase MtCIPK12 modulates iron reduction in Medicago truncatula by regulating riboflavin biosynthesis

“…M. truncatula is a model legume plant which exhibit most typical responses of Strategy I plants under Fe deficiency, including accumulation of riboflavin which is absent in Arabidopsis thaliana (Andaluz et al, 2009; Steinhorst et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2022). Emerging evidence indicates that root accumulation and exudation of riboflavin is an important mechanism by which plants adapt to Fe deficiency.…”

“…M. truncatula is a model legume plant which exhibit most typical responses of Strategy I plants under Fe deficiency, including accumulation of riboflavin which is absent in Arabidopsis thaliana (Andaluz et al, 2009;Steinhorst et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2022).…”