Tolerance to wood preservatives by copper-tolerant wood-rot fungi native to south-central Chile

Abstract

Understanding the effect of heavy metals and wood preservatives on the growth of wood-rot fungi native to a certain region may improve reliability in determining the effectiveness of antifungal products, particularly when dealing with new formulations. In this investigation, strains of copper-tolerant wood-rot fungi native to south-central Chile were evaluated against two preservatives: commercial chromated copper arsenate type C (CCA-C) and a new formulation with boron and silicon (BS). Thirteen native strains, mainly white-rot fungi, were selected for their high growth rates in solid medium containing 3 mM of copper. A short-term test was then carried out, consisting of adding cellulose disks impregnated with different concentrations of preservatives to solid culture media inoculated with selected copper tolerant strains. There was a great variability in interspecific and intraspecific responses to the presence of copper and preservatives in culture media. Among the native and commercial strains evaluated, the white-rot fungi Trametes versicolor 38 and mainly Ganoderma australe 100 were notable for their tolerance to all the CCA-C and BS concentrations. The brown-rot fungus Wolfiporia cocos, used as reference strain, showed a high tolerance to CCA-C, but not to BS preservative. T. versicolor 38 and G. australe 100 were selected for subsequent studies on preserved wood degradation.

Micronized copper wood preservatives: An efficiency and potential health risk assessment for copper-based nanoparticles

“…3 and 4) (Cornejo et al, 2013), to translocate Cu away from the cell All these mechanisms, which allow fungi to grow and develop fruit bodies and spores, have different degrees of efficacy on the basis of the substrate composition (Gharieb et al, 2004), and the Cu compounds against which the fungi are tested (De Groot and Woodward, 1999;K€ ose and Kartal, 2010;Green and Clausen, 2005). In addition, inter (De Groot and Woodward, 1999;K€ ose and Kartal, 2010;Guill en et al, 2009;Sierra-Alvarez, 2007) and intraspecific (Clausen et al, 2000;De Groot and Woodward, 1999;Sierra-Alvarez, 2007;Collet, 1992;Duncan, 1958;Green and Clausen, 2003) differences have been observed, suggesting that individual survival strategies enable adaptation to Cu-polluted environments. As a result, Cu-tolerant fungi are one of the main Fig.…”

Studies of wooden cladding materials degradation by spectroscopy

“…This is because normally CCA-treated wood has better ageing performance than untreated wood. Nevertheless, there are reports of brown rot having a high tolerance level against CCA (Guillen et al, 2009). However, high tolerance is limited to a few species of fungi while most other biological decay agents have poor tolerance against heavy metals like copper and arsenic.…”

A novel, highly conserved metallothionein family in basidiomycete fungi and characterization of two representativeSlMTaandSlMTbgenes in the ectomycorrhizal fungusSuillus luteus

“…Extensive use of these compounds can be a threat for the environment in particular for microbial communities. However, there is some evidence that particular wood-rot fungi became tolerant to the metal-containing A novel metallothionein family in basidiomycetes 2583 preservatives (Baldrian, 2003;Green Iii and Clausen, 2003;Hastrup et al, 2005;Guillen et al, 2009). Also ECM fungi from Cu-polluted soils may develop Cu resistance and such ecotypes may be good candidates for bioremediation of Cu-polluted areas Colpaert et al, 2011;Silva et al, 2013).…”