Tolerance of Turfgrass Cultivars to Salt

Ahti, Keith; Moustafa, A. T. A.; Kaerwer, Howard E.

doi:10.2135/1974.proc3rdintlturfgrass.c20

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Fine fescues, especially slender creeping red fescue, have superior salt tolerance compared with Kentucky bluegrass and bentgrasses ( Agrostis spp. ), similar to or slightly higher than perennial ryegrass, and similar to or slightly lower than tall fescue (Ahti et al., 1980; Brod & Preusse, 1980; Camberato, Peterson, & Martin, 2006; Friell et al., 2013: Zhang et al., 2013; Yuan et al., 2014). Although variation in cultivars within taxon exists, overall salt tolerance among the five fine fescue taxa ranks from high to low as follows: slender creeping red fescue > strong creeping red fescue ≥ Chewings fescue ≥ hard fescue = sheep fescue (Ahti et al., 1980; Friell et al., 2013; Humphreys, 1981, 1982; Razmjoo, Imada, Suguira, & Kaneko, 1997; Rose‐Fricker & Wipff, 2001; Zhang et al., 2013) (Table 2).…”

Section: Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Fine fescues: A review of the species, their improvement, production, establishment, and management

et al. 2020

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Fine fescues (Festuca L. spp.) comprise a group of five cool-season grasses used in turfgrass systems under many conditions: strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin), slender creeping red fescue [F. rubra L. ssp. littoralis (G. Mey.) Auquier], Chewings fescue [F. rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin; syn. F. rubra L. ssp. fallax (Thuill.) Nyman], hard fescue (F. brevipila Tracey), and sheep fescue [F. ovina L.; syn. F. ovina L. ssp. hirtula (Hack. ex Travis) M.J. Wilk.]. Their extensive geographic distribution is a result of adaptation to many different environmental and management conditions especially low-input sites. This review summarizes the history, production, establishment, management, use, and availability of fine fescues; discusses strengths and shortcomings of fine fescue; identifies knowledge gaps; and provides an outlook toward further research on this group of grasses. Improved cultivars have been developed in recent years that expand the geographic distribution and uses of species but additional efforts to increase seed yield and improve abiotic and biotic stress tolerances are still needed. Expanded use of fine fescue could be achieved through increased sod production of fine fescue, though current research-based information is limited. Research on fine fescue allelopathy and the contributions of fungal endophytes, both of which could lead to reduced pesticide requirements is important for improved pest management. Future research on fine fescues should focus on implementation and management of new cultivars that possess enhanced abiotic and biotic stress tolerance that will result in fewer inputs and improve the appeal and adoption of these low-input grasses.

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Section: Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…rubra ssp. littoralis (slender creeping red fescue) (Ahti, Moustafa, & Kaerwer, 1980; Clifford & Bostock, 2007; Humphreys, 1981, 1982; Zhang, Zuk, & Rue, 2013) along with the maritime, estuary, and dune locations of specimens of this species (Auquier, 1968).…”

Section: Etymology Morphology and Adaptabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine fescues: A review of the species, their improvement, production, establishment, and management

et al. 2020

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“…represented all dead tissue (Ahti et al, 1980). That same study judged several cultivars of strong creeping red fescue to be moderately salt tolerant but deemed hard fescue and Chewings fescue to be not salt tolerant.…”

Section: Salt Tolerance and Roadside Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Indications from these studies are that the salt tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass is a limiting factor in the establishment and persistence of quality turf on roadsides. In light of the low salt tolerance generally associated with Kentucky bluegrass, Ahti, Moustafa, and Kaerwer (1980) recognized the need to identify commercially available cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass suitable for roadside use. Using subirrigation with NaCl solutions ranging from 0.8 to 1.25% the authors evaluated the response of several cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass to salinization of the soil.…”

Section: Review Of the Turfgrass Species Used On Roadsides In Cold Climatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…commutata ; this ranking has been confirmed by a number of trials. Following subirrigation with NaCl solution in a greenhouse environment for 71 d, ‘Dawson’ and ‘Golfrood’ slender creeping red fescue received ratings of 2.4 and 2.5, respectively, on a scale where 1 represented ideal turf and 9 represented all dead tissue (Ahti et al., 1980). That same study judged several cultivars of strong creeping red fescue to be moderately salt tolerant but deemed hard fescue and Chewings fescue to be not salt tolerant.…”

Section: Review Of the Turfgrass Species Used On Roadsides In Cold Climatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of cool‐season turfgrasses for salt‐affected roadsides in cold climates

Friell

Watkins

2021

Crop Science

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Turfgrass is often planted along roadsides due to its adaptability and capacity to perform a wide range of functions. Like other roadside vegetation, it must withstand a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses while persisting long term with minimal management inputs. In cold-weather climates, snow and ice management practices on roads include the use of deicing salts. Deicing salts can have negative impacts on infrastructure and the environment including soil structure degradation, surface and ground water contamination, and reduction of vegetation quality along roadsides. Insights from past evaluations of turfgrass response to stresses experienced on roadsides can provide perspective for future approaches. This review provides historical context for the establishment of turfgrasses as roadside vegetation in cold weather climates where deicing salts are used. Adaptability of species for roadside applications, as well as field and controlled environment evaluations of salt tolerance are discussed. In future studies, improved characterization of roadside stress and broader collaborative evaluation programs can enhance testing and result in improved specifications for roadside turfgrass species and mixtures.

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Use of saline and non-potable water in the turfgrass industry: Constraints and developments

Marcum

2006

Agricultural Water Management

108

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The need for salt-tolerant turfgrasses is ever-increasing. Rapid urban population growth has put enormous pressures on limited freshwater supplies. Many state and local governments have reacted by placing restrictions on the use of potable water for irrigating turfgrass landscapes, instead requiring use of reclaimed, or other secondary saline water sources. In coastal areas, overpumping, and resultant salt water intrusion of coastal wells used for irrigating turfgrass facilities has widely occurred. The nature and extent of the salinity problem, followed by basic salinity issues and available management choices, will be discussed. Issues facing the turf manager using saline water sources are soil salinization, resulting in direct salt injury to turf, and secondary problems of loss of soil structure ensuing from sodium and bicarbonate effects, resulting in loss of salt leaching potential and soil anaerobiosis. Management choices for the turf manager using saline water are limited. Soil salinity must be maintained below the level deemed detrimental to the turf, by maintaining sufficient leaching. Sodium/bicarbonate affected soils must be managed to maintain sufficient permeability to permit adequate leaching. Finally, salt tolerant turf species/cultivars must be used. Long-term solutions to the salinity problem will require development of improved salt-tolerant turfgrasses. Progress in cultivar development, and future development of potential alternative halophytic turfgrass species will also be discussed. Media summaryRapid urbanization has resulted in escalating salinity issues facing turfgrass landscapes. The extent of the salinity problem, salinity management issues, including soil salt-leaching and sodicity-permeability management, use of salt tolerant turf cultivars, and future development of salt tolerant turfgrasses will be discussed.

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Tolerance of Turfgrass Cultivars to Salt

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Fine fescues: A review of the species, their improvement, production, establishment, and management

Fine fescues: A review of the species, their improvement, production, establishment, and management

Review of cool‐season turfgrasses for salt‐affected roadsides in cold climates

Use of saline and non-potable water in the turfgrass industry: Constraints and developments

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