Tolerance of the human brucellosis vaccine and the intradermal reaction test for brucellosis

Hadjichristodoulou, Christos; Voulgaris, P.; Toulieres, L.; Babalis, T.; Manetas, S.; Goutziana, Georgia; Kastritis, I.; Tselentis, I.

doi:10.1007/bf01982185

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The French experience with a vaccine utilizing a phenolinsoluble peptidoglycan fraction of B. melitensis strain M-15 raised questions in the past about its efficacy. The vaccine was administered in two subcutaneous doses and supposedly offered protection for a 2-year period [55]. Efficacy of other vaccines that could be considered for humans has been proven in animals: the various preparations include a lipopolysaccharide-protein conjugate, a purified protein antigen L7/L12, Cu-Zn SOD, and glyceraldehyde-dehydrogenase.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological weapons

Pappas¹,

Panagopoulou²,

Christou

et al. 2006

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Brucella has traditionally been considered a biological weapon. It was the subject of extensive offensive research in the past, and still belongs to category B pathogens on most lists. Its propensity for airborne transmission and induction of chronic debilitating disease requiring combined antibiotic regimens for treatment, its abundance around the world and its vague clinical characteristics defying rapid clinical diagnosis are some of the characteristics that apply to the pathogen's weapons potential. Yet minimal mortality, availability of treatment options, protracted inoculation period and the emergence of new, more virulent potential weapons means that its inclusion among agents of bioterrorism is nowadays mainly of historical significance. Nevertheless, in the interest of literacy and of avoiding panic, physicians and the public both should be aware of the most common zoonosis worldwide.

show abstract

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological weapons

Pappas¹,

Panagopoulou²,

Christou

et al. 2006

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The authors observed local pain after injection in 45.2% of subjects and systemic reactions in 5.0%; however, the clinical efficacy of the vaccine could not be evaluated due to an insufficient number of participants. Lastly, in 1994, Hadjichristodoulou et al conducted a clinical trial on 271 volunteers in Greece; although the S19 vaccine caused some side effects in a quarter of subjects, it was considered safe enough for use on a large scale [ 41 ]. Nonetheless, there is currently no licensed anti- Brucella vaccine for humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What risk do Brucella vaccines pose to humans? A systematic review of the scientific literature on occupational exposure

Vives-Soto,

Puerta-García,

Rodríguez-Sánchez

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Currently, vaccination of livestock with attenuated strains of Brucella remains an essential measure for controlling brucellosis, although these vaccines may be dangerous to humans. The aim of this study was to review the risk posed to humans by occupational exposure to vaccine strains and the measures that should be implemented to minimize this risk. Methods This article reviewed the scientific literature indexed in PubMed up to September 30, 2023, following "the PRISMA guidelines". Special emphasis was placed on the vaccine strain used and the route of exposure. Non-occupational exposure to vaccine strains, intentional human inoculation, publications on exposure to wild strains, and secondary scientific sources were excluded from the study. Results Nineteen primary reports were found and classified in three subgroups: safety accidents in vaccine factories that led to an outbreak (n = 2), survellaince studies on vaccine manufacturing workers with a serologic diagnosis of Brucella infection (n = 3), and publications of infection by vaccine strains during their administration, including case reports, records of occupational accidents and investigations of outbreaks in vaccination campaigns (n = 14). Although accidental exposure during vaccine manufacturing were uncommon, they could provoke large outbreaks through airborne spread with risk of spread to the neighboring population. Besides, despite strict protection measures, a percentage of vaccine manufacturing workers developed positive Brucella serology without clinical infection. The most frequent type of exposure with symptomatic infection was needle injury during vaccine administration. Prolonged contact with the pathogen, lack of information and a low adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE) use in the work environment were commonly associated with infection. Conclusions Brucella vaccines pose occupational risk of contagion to humans from their production to their administration to livestock, although morbidity is low and deaths were not reported. Recommended protective measures and active surveillance of exposed workers appeared to reduce this risk. It would be advisable to carry out observational studies and/or systematic registries using solid diagnostic criteria.

show abstract

“…The authors observed local pain after injection in 45% of subjects and systemic reactions in 5%; however, the clinical efficacy of the vaccine could not be evaluated due to an insufficient number of participants. Lastly, in 1994, Hadjichristodoulou et al conducted a clinical trial on 271 volunteers in Greece; although the S19 vaccine caused some side effects in a quarter of subjects, it was considered safe enough for use on a large scale (23). Nonetheless, there is currently no licensed anti- Brucella vaccine for humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What risk doBrucellavaccines pose to humans? A systematic review of the scientific literature on occupational exposure

Vives-Soto¹,

Puerta-García²,

Pereira³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Vaccination of cattle, sheep and goats with attenuated strains of Brucella is an effective measure for controlling brucellosis, although the vaccines pose risks to humans during the manufacturing process and throughout their distribution and administration to animals. Objective: The aim of this study was to review the risk posed to humans by occupational exposure to vaccine strains and the measures that should be implemented to minimize this risk. Materials and methods: This article reviewed the scientific literature indexed in PubMed up to January 31, 2023, following "the PRISMA guidelines"; special emphasis was placed on the vaccine strain used and the route of exposure. Results: Twelve primary reports were found: six included the Rev-1 strain, three the S19, and four the RB-51 strain. Rev-1 seemed to be the most virulent. The most frequent type of exposure was needle injury during administration, while exposure accidents during vaccine manufacturing were exceptional. Prolonged contact with the pathogen, lack of information and a low adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE) use in the work environment were determining factors for becoming infected. Despite strict protection measures, a percentage of vaccine manufacturing workers developed a positive serology to the vaccine strain, which may have conferred immunity. Conclusions: Brucella vaccines pose risk of contagion to humans from their production to their administration to cattle; therefore, protection measures should be extreme, and active surveillance of exposed workers should be implemented.

show abstract

Tolerance of the human brucellosis vaccine and the intradermal reaction test for brucellosis

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Biological weapons

Biological weapons

What risk do Brucella vaccines pose to humans? A systematic review of the scientific literature on occupational exposure

What risk doBrucellavaccines pose to humans? A systematic review of the scientific literature on occupational exposure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About