Tolerance of Strawberry Cultivars to Oxyfluorfen and Flumioxazin Herbicides

Abstract

<jats:p>Herbicides can be an excellent supplemental treatment in cases where soil fumigant treatments alone fail to control weeds during the growing season or in situations where fumigants cannot be used as a result of regulatory restrictions. Previous studies have shown that oxyfluorfen and flumioxazin can provide satisfactory weed control in bedded strawberry (<jats:italic>Fragaria</jats:italic> ×<jats:italic>ananassa Duch</jats:italic>.) production. However, we need to know if tolerance to herbicides is uniform across strawberry cultivars under California conditions. The objective of this study was to determine if tolerance to oxyfluorfen and flumioxazin herbicides varied among strawberry cultivars. Trials were conducted in the 2007–2008 and 2009–2010 growing seasons at Salinas, CA. Treatments included an untreated control; pre-plant applications of flumioxazin at 0.07, 0.11, and 0.21 kg·ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> a.i.; and oxyfluorfen at 0.14 and 0.28 kg·ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> a.i. The entire trial was fumigated with an emulsified formulation of 60% 1,3-dichloropropene + 32% chloropicrin applied at 281 L·ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> by drip injection to all plots. Eight strawberry cultivars were included in the trial in the 2007–2008 growing season, and nine cultivars were included in the 2009–2010 growing season. In both growing seasons, slight to no crop phytotoxicity was observed. In the 2007–2008 growing season, several strawberry cultivars including ‘Albion’, ‘Festival’, ‘211G51’, ‘Palomar’, ‘Plant Sciences 5298’, and ‘Ventana’ had smaller crop plant canopy diameter as compared with the control when treated with 0.21 kg·ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> a.i. of flumioxazin. Compared with the control, flumioxazin at 0.21 kg·ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> a.i. reduced crop diameter for ‘Plant Sciences 4634’, ‘Plant Sciences 5298’, ‘San Andreas’, and ‘Ventana’ in the 2009–2010 growing season. In the 2007–2008 strawberry-growing season, none of the herbicide treatments reduced fruit yield compared with the control. In the 2009–2010 growing season, in seven of the nine cultivars, there were no significant differences in yield among treatments. For ‘Palomar’ strawberry, yields in plots treated with flumioxazin at 0.11 and 0.21 kg·ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> a.i. were significantly lower than the untreated control. With the exception of flumioxazin at 0.21 kg·ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> a.i., these herbicides are safe to use and can be incorporated in strawberry production practices for the cultivars tested to achieve satisfactory weed control over the growing season.</jats:p>

Pre- and Postemergence Herbicides for Row Middle Weed Control in Vegetable Plasticulture Production Systems

“…However, methyl bromide use has been banned in Florida, and although the registered fumigant alternatives have activity on weeds (Klose et al 2008), they tend to provide inadequate weed control on their own (Gilreath et al 2005;Vallad et al 2015). Extensive research has been conducted to evaluate PRE herbicides for use under the plastic for control of sedges, broadleaf weeds, and grasses in the bed with mixed success (Boyd 2015;Dittmar 2013;Haar et al 2002;Samtani et al 2012). In central Florida, most growers now apply herbicides under the plastic during the fumigant operation.…”

On-farm Evaluation of Strawberry Cultivars in Coastal Virginia

“…In our study, for the whole season yield, there was a negative correlation with yield and spring canopy diameter readings for all the cultivars (correlation data not shown). For 'Albion', 'Camarosa', and 'Strawberry Festival', a lower canopy size did not necessarily result in a lower yield in a California study (Samtani et al, 2012). The size of crop canopy during the spring season may not be a very good predictor of yield potential in the strawberry crop.…”

10 Algal cell biology – important tools to understand metal and herbicide toxicity

“…The herbicide oxyfl uorfen (a diphenyl ether) has a history in commercial use for controlling of certain annual broadleaf and grassy weeds in farmlands (Samtani et al 2012). Oxyfl uorfen inhibits protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase ( Figure 10.8 ), the enzyme that catalyses the last common step in the tetrapyrrole synthesis pathway before differentiating into separate chlorophyll and haem pathways (Jung 2011;Lermontova and Grimm 2000).…”