Tolerance and response of Zostera marina seedlings to hydrogen sulfide

Dooley, Frederick D.; Wyllie‐Echeverria, Sandy; Roth, Mark B.; Ward, Peter D.

doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2012.10.007

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Therefore, had this experiment been longer in duration or higher in temperature (which reduces oxygen solubility and enhances the rate of sulfate reduction; Robador et al, 2009), it is possible that mussel biodeposition could have caused an accumulation of sediment sulfides and cumulative harm to eelgrass. In the field, mussels may also have stronger negative effects on eelgrass seedlings, which are more sensitive to sulfide stress than adults (Dooley et al, 2013;Jovanovic et al, 2015). Lastly, mesocosms in this study contained sandy, low-organic sediments typical of exposed Danish coastlines.…”

Section: Eelgrass Survival Growth and Energy Storesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Light indirectly mediates bivalve habitat modification and impacts on seagrass

Castorani

Glud

Hasler-Sheetal

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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Section: Eelgrass Survival Growth and Energy Storesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Light indirectly mediates bivalve habitat modification and impacts on seagrass

Castorani

Glud

Hasler-Sheetal

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…Growth and physiology of adult plants have received considerable amounts of attention over the last three decades (Phillips, 1972; Phillips, McMillan & Bridges, 1983; Hemminga & Carlos, 2000; Touchette & Burkholder, 2000; Phillips, Milchakova & Alexandrov, 2006; Lee, Park & Kim, 2007; Leoni et al, 2008; Collier, Waycott & McKenzie, 2012; Dooley et al, 2013; Dooley et al, 2015; Kaldy et al, 2015); however, there is by far less information available concerning the key environmental factors, such as salinity and temperature, that influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth (Orth & Moore, 1983; Hootsmans, Vermaat & Van Vierssen, 1987; Conacher, Poiner & O’Donohue, 1994; Abe, Kurashima & Maegawa, 2008; Tanner & Parham, 2010; Salo & Pedersen, 2014; Park, Lee & Son, 2014; Kaldy et al, 2015). Moreover, results to date have been inconsistent as to whether or not the salinity significantly effects seed germination, which might be influenced by the design of salinity levels (Orth et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity and temperature significantly influence seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrassZostera marinaL.

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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Globally, seagrass beds have been recognized as critical yet declining coastal habitats. To mitigate seagrass losses, seagrass restorations have been conducted in worldwide over the past two decades. Seed utilization is considered to be an important approach in seagrass restoration efforts. In this study, we investigated the effects of salinity and temperature on seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling growth of eelgrass Zostera marina L. (Swan Lake, northern China). We initially tested the effects of salinity (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ppt) and water temperature (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C) on seed germination to identify optimal levels. To identify levels of salinity that could potentially limit survival and growth, and, consequently, the spatial distribution of seedlings in temperate estuaries, we then examined the effect of freshwater and other salinity levels (10, 20, and 30 ppt) on seedling growth and establishment to confirm suitable conditions for seedling development. Finally, we examined the effect of transferring germinated seeds from freshwater or low salinity levels (1, 5, and 15 ppt) to natural seawater (32 ppt) on seedling establishment rate (SER) at 15 °C. In our research, we found that: (1) Mature seeds had a considerably lower moisture content than immature seeds; therefore, moisture content may be a potential indicator of Z. marina seed maturity; (2) Seed germination significantly increased at low salinity (p < 0.001) and high temperature (p < 0.001). Salinity had a much stronger influence on seed germination than temperature. Maximum seed germination (88.67 ± 5.77%) was recorded in freshwater at 15 °C; (3) Freshwater and low salinity levels (< 20 ppt) increased germination but had a strong negative effect on seedling morphology (number of leaves per seedling reduced from 2 to 0, and maximum seedling leaf length reduced from 4.48 to 0 cm) and growth (seedling biomass reduced by 46.15–66.67% and maximum seedling length reduced by 21.16–69.50%). However, Z. marina performed almost equally well at salinities of 20 and 30 ppt. Very few germinated seeds completed leaf differentiation and seedling establishment in freshwater or at low salinity, implying that freshwater and low salinity may potentially limit the distribution of this species in coastal and estuarine waters. Therefore, the optimum salinity for Z. marina seedling establishment and colonization appears to be above 20 ppt in natural beds; (4) Seeds germinated in freshwater or at low salinity levels could be transferred to natural seawater to accomplish seedling establishment and colonization. This may be the optimal method for the adoption of seed utilization in seagrass restoration. We also identified seven stages of seed germination and seedling metamorphosis in order to characterize growth and developmental characteristics. Our results may serve as useful information for Z. marina habitat establishment and restoration programs.

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“…The situation is different for Z. marina because the typical coastal sediments where it is found may have sulfide levels up to or higher than its response level of 0.5 mM Holmer and Nielsen, 1997). Seagrass populations are known to decline massively in sediments with elevated sulfide conditions and Z. marina may even be damaged by sulfide concentrations as low as 0.27 mM H 2 S (Dooley et al, 2013;Mascaró et al, 2009). Environmental conditions can change plant tissue porosities and physical barriers towards gasses (Armstrong et al, 2000;Colmer, 2003;Penhale and Wetzel, 1983) as observed for Z. marina where porosity increases when plants grow in anoxic sediment (Penhale and Wetzel, 1983).…”

Section: Sulfide Sensitivity In Natural Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 94%