Tolerance and Persister Formation in Oral Streptococci

Suppiger, Stephanie; Astasov‐Frauenhoffer, Monika; Schweizer, Irene; Waltimo, Tuomas; Kulik, Eva M.

doi:10.3390/antibiotics9040167

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Although total eradication of S. aureus biofilms was not achieved during Sb‐1 treatment, this study reinforced previous findings that phage therapy may be used as adjunctive therapy to conventional antibiotics because bacteriophages, such as Sb‐1 target, degrade the barriers, which lowers the efficacy of antibiotics 163‐165 . Identifying bacteriophages similar to Sb‐1 may become critical if effective phage therapy are developed for oral biofilms as antibiotic‐tolerant bacteria, and persister cells become more established in dental plaque 101,152,166,167 …”

Section: Bacteriophage‐mediated Biofilm Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 79%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The human oral virome: Shedding light on the dark matter

Martinez

Kuraji

Kapila

2021

Periodontology 2000

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The oral cavity is a diverse and dynamic environment. The three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya) along with viruses constitute the human oral microbiome. The ratio of prokaryotic organisms to human cells is reported to range from 1:1 to 10:1 while viral-like particles surpass this prokaryotic ratio and lie closer to 100:1. 1 The formation of our commensal microbiome begins shortly after birth and develops continuously throughout our lifetimes. 2 Within this ecological unit, there is compositional variation of the human microbiota between body sites as a result of distinct selective pressures. For example, the taxonomic and genomic composition of a microbial community on the coronal portion of a tooth is more similar among individuals than those of the same individuals' tongues. 3 Coexistence with our diverse microbiome equips us with crucial biological functions and traits to protect us from invasion by transient or pathogenic microorganisms. Despite how stable the oral landscape may be, rupture of this symbiosis contributes to oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontitis, and oral mucosal diseases, and is implicated in a number of systemic diseases. [4][5][6][7] Traditionally, investigations describing these oral diseases have focused on a bacterial or fungal etiology despite the advancement of viral metagenomics and cultivation methods, which have demonstrated viruses to be drivers of oral blisters, ulcers, and tumors. 8 More recently, extensive reviews have detailed the intimate topographic relationship between common herpesviruses and known periodontopathogens and their potential role in the development of periodontal diseases. 9 | Periodontal inflammationWithin clinical dental practices, treatment is generally centered on dental and periodontal diseases. Periodontitis continues to be a leading chronic polymicrobial inflammatory condition that affects over 30% of the adult population. Periodontal health can be disrupted when there are shifts in the complex interactions between the microbiota in a biofilm state and the host immune defenses. This dysbiosis can arise from modifications of biological, social, and environmental factors, such as diabetes, alimentary habits, or smoking.Although bacteria are considered the primary etiologic factors in the initiation of periodontitis, host factors influence the progression of periodontitis. Thus, although plaque is necessary for the development of periodontal disease, on its own it is insufficient to drive all the destructive processes that are seen.Viruses as potential drivers of periodontal disease have been implicated in studies using murine models of disease and human oral subgingival plaque, where virome composition and diversity differ with disease progression. 10,11 Additionally, characterizing the oral virome cannot be limited to eukaryotic viruses without taking into account the most abundant entity, namely, prokaryotic viruses.Prokaryotic viruses, more commonly known as bacteriophages, are the natural predators of bacteria. After utili...

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Section: Bacteriophage‐mediated Biofilm Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 79%

“… 163 , 164 , 165 Identifying bacteriophages similar to Sb‐1 may become critical if effective phage therapy are developed for oral biofilms as antibiotic‐tolerant bacteria, and persister cells become more established in dental plaque. 101 , 152 , 166 , 167 …”

Section: Bacteriophage‐mediated Biofilm Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human oral virome: Shedding light on the dark matter

Martinez

Kuraji

Kapila

2021

Periodontology 2000

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“…Most insights in persistence have been gathered using Gram-negative bacteria, like E. coli, S. typhimurium and P. aeruginosa (8, 10, 11, 18). However, different studies already indicated a role for persistence in Gram-positive bacteria as well (18, 53–55), and more specifically in various reports on streptococcal species (18, 56). Persisters in S. mutans , a cariogenic oral bacterium, are tolerant to a wide variety of antibiotics (57), but also to a dental caries defensive agent, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) (58), and to other antibacterial monomers used in dental medicine (59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic-tolerant persisters are pervasive among clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates and show strong condition-dependence

Geerts¹,

Vooght²,

Passaris

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen, being one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia and otitis media. Antibiotic resistance in S. pneumoniae is an emerging problem as it depletes our arsenal of effective drugs. In addition, persistence also contributes to the antibiotic crisis in many other pathogens, yet, in S. pneumoniae nothing is known about antibiotic-tolerant persisters. Persister cells are phenotypic variants that exist as a subpopulation within a clonal culture. Being tolerant to lethal antibiotics, they underly the chronic nature of a variety of infections and even help in acquiring genetic resistance. Here, we set out to identify and characterize persistence in S. pneumoniae. Specifically, we followed different strategies to overcome the self-limiting nature of S. pneumoniae as confounding factor in the prolonged monitoring of antibiotic survival needed to study persistence. In optimized conditions, we identified genuine persisters in various growth phases and for four relevant antibiotics through biphasic survival dynamics and heritability assays. Finally, we detected a high variety in antibiotic survival levels across a diverse collection of S. pneumoniae clinical isolates, which shows that a high natural diversity in persistence is widely present in S. pneumoniae. Collectively, this proof-of-concept significantly progresses the understanding of the importance of antibiotic persistence in S. pneumoniae infections which will set stage for characterizing its relevance to clinical outcomes and advocates for increased attention to the phenotype in both fundamental and clinical research.

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“…Moreover, once in the EPS matrix, oral bacteria are protected from microenvironmental damage, from the host's immune defenses and from antimicrobial agents [47]. The presence of persistent dormant cells in the biofilm is crucial, given their high tolerance to antimicrobial agents, reason why they are pointed out as the main parties responsible for the biofilm recalcitrancy to these agents [48].…”

Section: Oral Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobials from Medicinal Plants: An Emergent Strategy to Control Oral Biofilms

et al. 2021

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Oral microbial biofilms, directly related to oral diseases, particularly caries and periodontitis, exhibit virulence factors that include acidification of the oral microenvironment and the formation of biofilm enriched with exopolysaccharides, characteristics and common mechanisms that, ultimately, justify the increase in antibiotics resistance. In this line, the search for natural products, mainly obtained through plants, and derived compounds with bioactive potential, endorse unique biological properties in the prevention of colonization, adhesion, and growth of oral bacteria. The present review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive view of the in vitro antibiofilm activity of various medicinal plants, revealing numerous species with antimicrobial properties, among which, twenty-four with biofilm inhibition/reduction percentages greater than 95%. In particular, the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Lippia alba (Mill.) seem to be the most promising in fighting microbial biofilm in Streptococcus mutans, given their high capacity to reduce biofilm at low concentrations.

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Tolerance and Persister Formation in Oral Streptococci

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

The human oral virome: Shedding light on the dark matter

The human oral virome: Shedding light on the dark matter

Antibiotic-tolerant persisters are pervasive among clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates and show strong condition-dependence

Antimicrobials from Medicinal Plants: An Emergent Strategy to Control Oral Biofilms

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