Tolerance and growth responses of populus hybrids and their genetically modified varieties to simulated leaf damage and harvest

Axelsson, E. Petter; Hjältén, Joakim

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2012.04.012

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…However, in [28] the differences in chemistry coincided with clear differences in growth between Wt-Bt and modified Bt lines. The differences in growth were less pronounced in another study [29] and in the present study reported here. Growth may affect phytochemistry of poplar trees [30] and plant vigor may indeed influence resistance properties [31], [32].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Innate and Introduced Resistance Traits in Genetically Modified Aspen Trees and Their Effect on Leaf Beetle Feeding

et al. 2013

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Genetic modifications of trees may provide many benefits, e.g. increase production, and mitigate climate change and herbivore impacts on forests. However, genetic modifications sometimes result in unintended effects on innate traits involved in plant-herbivore interactions. The importance of intentional changes in plant defence relative to unintentional changes and the natural variation among clones used in forestry has not been evaluated. By a combination of biochemical measurements and bioassays we investigated if insect feeding on GM aspens is more affected by intentional (induction Bt toxins) than of unintentional, non-target changes or clonal differences in innate plant defence. We used two hybrid wildtype clones (Populus tremula x P. tremuloides and Populus tremula x P. alba) of aspen that have been genetically modified for 1) insect resistance (two Bt lines) or 2) reduced lignin properties (two lines COMT and CAD), respectively. Our measurements of biochemical properties suggest that unintended changes by GM modifications (occurring due to events in the transformation process) in innate plant defence (phenolic compounds) were generally smaller but fundamentally different than differences seen among different wildtype clones (e.g. quantitative and qualitative, respectively). However, neither clonal differences between the two wildtype clones nor unintended changes in phytochemistry influenced consumption by the leaf beetle (Phratora vitellinae). By contrast, Bt induction had a strong direct intended effect as well as a post experiment effect on leaf beetle consumption. The latter suggested lasting reduction of beetle fitness following Bt exposure that is likely due to intestinal damage suffered by the initial Bt exposure. We conclude that Bt induction clearly have intended effects on a target species. Furthermore, the effect of unintended changes in innate plant defence traits, when they occur, are context dependent and have in comparison to Bt induction probably less pronounced effect on targeted herbivores.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Innate and Introduced Resistance Traits in Genetically Modified Aspen Trees and Their Effect on Leaf Beetle Feeding

et al. 2013

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“…g . [35]. To our knowledge, genetic variation in tolerance and compensatory responses has not been studied in natural populations of other types of long-lived plant species like lianas, ferns or palms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of growth and leaf loss compensation in a long-lived tropical understorey palm

et al. 2019

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Introduction Defoliation and light competition are ubiquitous stressors that can strongly limit plant performance. Tolerance to defoliation is often associated with compensatory growth, which could be positively or negatively related to plant growth. Genetic variation in growth, tolerance and compensation, in turn, plays an important role in the evolutionary adaptation of plants to changing disturbance regimes but this issue has been poorly investigated for long-lived woody species. We quantified genetic variation in plant growth and growth parameters, tolerance to defoliation and compensation for a population of the understorey palm Chamaedorea elegans . In addition, we evaluated genetic correlations between growth and tolerance/compensation. Methods We performed a greenhouse experiment with 711 seedlings from 43 families with twelve or more individuals of C . elegans . Seeds were collected in southeast Mexico within a 0.7 ha natural forest area. A two-third defoliation treatment (repeated every two months) was applied to half of the individuals to simulate leaf loss. Compensatory responses in specific leaf area, biomass allocation to leaves and growth per unit leaf area were quantified using iterative growth models. Results We found that growth rate was highly heritable and that plants compensated strongly for leaf loss. However, genetic variation in tolerance, compensation, and the individual compensatory responses was low. We found strong correlations between family mean growth rates in control and defoliation treatments. We did not find indications for growth-tolerance/compensation trade-offs: genetic correlation between tolerance/compensation and growth rate were not significant. Implications The high genetic variation in growth rate, but low genetic variation in tolerance and compensation observed here suggest high ability to adapt to changes in environment that require different growth rates, but a low potential for evolutionary adaptation to changes in damage or herbivory. The strong correlations between family mean growth rates in control and defoliation treatments suggest that performance differences among families are also maintained under stress of disturbance.

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“…[14], while others did not, e.g . [34]. To our knowledge, genetic variation in tolerance and compensatory responses has not been studied in natural populations of other types of long-lived plant species like lianas, ferns or palms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low genetic variation in tolerance to defoliation in a long-lived tropical understorey palm

Jansen

Zuidema

Ast

et al. 2018

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20Defoliation is a ubiquitous stressor that can strongly limit plant performance. Tolerance to defoliation 21 is often associated with compensatory growth. Genetic variation in tolerance and compensatory growth 22 responses, in turn, play an important role in the evolutionary adaptation of plants to changing disturbance 23 regimes but this issue has been poorly investigated for long-lived woody species. We quantified genetic 24 variation in plant growth and growth parameters, tolerance to defoliation and compensatory responses 25 to defoliation for a population of the understorey palm Chamaedorea elegans. In addition, we evaluated 26 genetic correlations between growth and tolerance to defoliation. 27 We performed a greenhouse experiment with 731 seedlings from 47 families with twelve or more 28 individuals of C. elegans. Seeds were collected in southeast Mexico within a 0.7 ha natural forest area. 29A two-third defoliation treatment (repeated every two months) was applied to half of the individuals to 30 simulate leaf loss. Compensatory responses in specific leaf area, biomass allocation to leaves and growth 31 per unit leaf area were quantified. 32 We found that growth rate was highly heritable and that plants compensated strongly for leaf loss. 33However, genetic variation in tolerance, compensation, and the individual compensatory responses was 34 low. We found strong correlations between family mean growth rates in control and defoliation 35 treatments. We did not find indications for growth-tolerance trade-offs: genetic correlation between 36 tolerance and growth rate were not significant. 37The low genetic variation in tolerance and compensatory responses observed here suggests a low 38 potential for evolutionary adaptation to changes in damage or herbivory, but high ability to adapt to 39 changes in environment that require different growth rates. The strong correlations between family mean 40 growth rates in control and defoliation treatments suggest that performance differences among families 41 are also maintained under stress of disturbance. 42 3 43 Introduction 44Defoliation due to herbivory, pathogens, physical damage or harvesting is an ubiquitous 45 stressor that can strongly limit individual plant performance (i.e. growth, reproduction and 46 survival) as it entails a reduction in photosynthesis and resources, and thus in future growth. 47Performance reductions due to defoliation are often proportionately smaller than expected 48 based on the fraction of leaf area that is being removed [1, 2] and in some cases plants even 49 increase their performance under defoliation [3, 4]. In that sense plants can be tolerant to 50 defoliation, and this tolerance is often associated with compensatory growth, a mechanism by 51 which negative effects of leaf loss are mitigated [5]. There are three types of compensatory 52 growth responses: plants can compensate for growth by allocating more new assimilates to 53 leaves, by allocating new assimilates more efficiently to leaf area (i.e. by increasing ...

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Tolerance and growth responses of populus hybrids and their genetically modified varieties to simulated leaf damage and harvest

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Innate and Introduced Resistance Traits in Genetically Modified Aspen Trees and Their Effect on Leaf Beetle Feeding

Innate and Introduced Resistance Traits in Genetically Modified Aspen Trees and Their Effect on Leaf Beetle Feeding

Heritability of growth and leaf loss compensation in a long-lived tropical understorey palm

Low genetic variation in tolerance to defoliation in a long-lived tropical understorey palm

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