Tokyo’s greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme: a model for sustainable megacity carbon markets

Abstract

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The Governance Modes of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Emissions Trading System

“…for the period 2002-2005(Rudolph and Kawakatsu 2012, but for the impact it has had on the capacity building of the actors involved. The TMG administration had to build up its capacity to monitor the facilities and advise their operators.…”

“…November 2013 and Niederhafner and Lee 2013: 198-204. and operating procedures and the performance evaluations of the ETS, which are available in English (TMG 2008(TMG , 2010(TMG , 2011(TMG , 2012a(TMG , 2012b(TMG , 2012c(TMG , 2013a(TMG , 2013b(TMG , 2013c, as well as on the few analytical publications (Lee and Colopinto 2010;Rudolph and Kawakatsu 2012;Satou and Yamamoto 2012) that are already available. In addition to a thorough analysis of the documents and the secondary literature, two standardized open-ended expert interviews with leading officials of the TMG were conducted in August 2013.…”

The bears are right: Why cap-and-trade yields greater emission reductions than expected, and what that means for climate policy

“…In 2006, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) introduced a target to reduce its GHG emissions by 50 percent by 2050 and 25 percent by 2020 (Rudolph and Kawakatsu 2012). To reach this target, the city in 2002 introduced a program under which 1,000 large emitters were required to monitor and report their GHG emissions on an annual basis.…”

“…The collective target of the Tokyo ETS is to reduce emissions by 17 percent in 2015-19 under a baseline drawn from three consecutive years freely selected from 2002 to 2007 (Rudolph and Kawakatsu 2012). The program covers factories, buildings, and other facilities using district heating and cooling.…”

China: A New Model for Growth and Development

“…Tokyo's introduction of emissions trading arrangements has been accompanied by especially rapid reductions in emissions, which, in turn, have generated extremely low emissions entitlement prices (Rudolph and Kawakatsu 2012).…”