Tokamak devices

Abstract

This survey deals with research on plasma in toroidal systems with strong longitudinal fields (Tokamak devices).The author first of all considers the movement of single particles in these systems and then reviews the theoretical work on equilibrium, transport coefficients and plasma stability. The design of the various Tokamak devices is described, as are the methods of plasma diagnostics employed with them. The main experimental results are summarized and compared with theory. Possible methods of heating plasma are considered and the prospects of the Tokamak program discussed.

Interaction between neoclassical effects and ion temperature gradient turbulence in gradient- and flux-driven gyrokinetic simulations

“…It is a well-established fact that the dominant transport channel of the main ion species in the core region of tokamak devices is ion-temperature-gradient driven (ITG) turbulence. 1,2 Collisions in connection with the toroidal geometry of the magnetic guide field, however, provide another relevant channel: neoclassical transport. 3,4 In contrast to turbulent mechanisms, it does not possess a critical threshold for the driving pressure gradient and also provides a minimal flux level in transport barriers where turbulence is suppressed.…”

Plasma-facing materials for fusion devices

“…The major emphasis in fusion research has been up to now on confining and heating a hydrogen plasma within closed nested magnetic sur faces in a toroidal vessel, such as in a tokamak ( Fig. 1) [8][9][10][11][12] or a stellarator ( Fig. 2) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Numerical calculation of impurity charge state distributions

“…The atomic physics model we use i s t h e time-dependent corona model ,6 a1 though t h e code w i l l t r i v i a l l y generate steady-state corona model (corona equi 1 …”