Toilet training in Turkey: the factors that affect timing and duration in different sociocultural groups

Koç, Īsmet; Çamurdan, Aysu Duyan; Beyazova, Ufuk; İlhan, Mustafa; Şahin, Fatma Tezel

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00829.x

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…8 In this study, mean initiation and completion ages were 22.1±6.7 vs 28.1± 8.4 months, respectively. Their study showed that earlier initiation and longer duration of TT were observed among families living in rural and semiurban settlements, mothers educated for less than 5 years, unemployed mothers, children living in houses with an outside toilet, families using washable diapers or squat toilet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Most studies show that the initiation age of TT has changed in the majority of the population during the past 60 years and is later when compared to the past. [7][8][9][10] This situation may have arisen due to the introduction of disposable diapers and wider acceptance of child-orientated approach training techniques. On the other hand, there is some evidence to suggest that more disorders of elimination such as urge incontinence, daytime wetting, constipation, stool toileting refusal may develop in children who are trained later.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8]10 The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that training should start after 18 months of age and conclude by 24 to 36 months of age. 3 Its approach is depend on a child's level of physical and psychological maturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The mean age at the initiation of daytime toilet training was 25.5±5.8 months in our study and it is within the range of those ages which have been reported in developed countries. [7][8][9][10] However, the starting age is earlier in some developing countries than in Europe and the US. Probably, these populations tend to apply parent-oriented training methods (assisted infant TT, elimination communication).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have documented that some factors are related to the TT period. [7][8][9][10][11] The aim of this study was to determine the initiation and completion time for TT and the factors that affect this process in a sample of Turkish children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors that Affect Age of Initiation and Completion of Toilet Training

Örün¹,

Pekküçüksen²,

Kanburoğlu³

2017

Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr

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oilet training (TT) is the process of teaching a young child to control the bowel and bladder and use the bathroom for urination and defecation independently. It is a developmental milestone in childhood, a complex process that can be affected by anatomic, physiological, behavioral, and relations between the caregiver and the child.1 Infant voiding is The children who couldn't completed TT and had developmental retardation or genitourinary and gastrointestinal system anomalies were excluded. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : A total of 418 children were taken to the study. Mean the initiation and completion ages were 25.2±5.6 and 27.2±5.8 months, respectively. Mean of TT duration was 56.2±52.5 days. Only 6% of the children were started to the TT at under aged 18 months. Most parents had considered to child's age and readinees for TT. We didn't find any significant association between the age at starting and completion of TT and gender, gestational age, being first born, emplooyed mother, family type, undergoing circumcision, applying reward and punishment during training. Later age of starting and completion TT were associated with higher education level of parents and consulting to an expert during TT. Later age at completion of TT was associated with attending daycare. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: This study showed that most Turkish families prefer to start on recomended time for the age at initiation of TT and implementing to child-oriented approach in Turkish families.K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Child care; toilet training Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Çalışmanın amacı 24-60 ay arasındaki bir grup Türk çocuğunda tuvalet eğitimi (TE)'ne başlama ve tamamlama zamanlarını ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemekti. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çal-ışma Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Hastanesi Genel Çocuk Polikliniği'nde yapıldı. Otuz beş maddeden oluşan bir anket 24-60 ay arasındaki çocukları olan anne-babaya uygulandı. Tuvalet eğitimini tamamlamamış çocuklar, gelişimsel geriliği, ürogenital ve gastrointestinal anomalisi olan çocuklar çal-ışmaya alınmadı. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Çalışmaya 418 çocuk alındı. Ortalama tuvalet eğitimine (TE) başlama ve tamamlama yaşı sırasıyla 25.2±5.6 ve 27.2±5.8 aydı. Ortalama TE süresi: 56.2±52.5 gündü. Çocukların yalnızca yüzde altısında TE'ne 18 ayın altındayken başlanmıştı. Çoğu anne-baba TE için çocuğun yaşını ve hazır bulunuşluğunu dikkate almıştı. TE'ne başlama ve tamamlama yaşı ile cinsiyet, doğum yaşı, ilk çocuk olmak, annenin çalışma durumu, aile tipi, sünnet olma, eğitim sırasında ödül ve ceza yöntemi kullanma arasında ilişki saptanmadı. TE'ne daha geç başlama ve tamamlama ile anne-baba eğitiminin yüksek olması ve TE sırasında bir uzmandan danışmanlık alma arasında ilişki vardı. TE'nin geç tamamlanması kreşe gitme ile ilişkili bulundu. S So on nu uç ç: : Çalışma çoğu Türk ailesinin TE'ne tavsiye edilen zamanda başladığını ve çocuk odaklı yaklaşıma eğilimli olduğunu gösterdi.A An na ah ht ta ar r K Ke el li im me el le er r: : Çocuk bakımı; tuvalet eğitimi

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%