TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the Masses of Two Mini-Neptunes with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder

Beard, Corey; Robertson, Paul; Kanodia, Shubham; Libby-Roberts, Jessica E.; Cañas, Caleb I.; Gupta, Arvind F.; Holcomb, Rae; Jones, Sinclaire; Kobulnicky, Henry A.; Lin, Andrea S. J.; Lubin, Jack; Maney, Marissa; Parker, Brock A.; Stefánsson, Guðmundur; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Hebb, Leslie; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Wisniewski, John P.; Bender, Chad F.; Diddams, Scott A.; Everett, Mark E.; Fredrick, Connor; Halverson, Samuel; Hearty, Fred; Metcalf, Andrew J.; Monson, Andrew; Ninan, Joe P.; Roy, Arpita; Schutte, Maria; Schwab, Christian; Terrien, Ryan C.

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac69ec

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…The raw data are reduced using a custom pipeline developed by our team (described in Beard et al 2022). Using algorithms from Espinoza et al (2016), we then generate a 5σ contrast curve as the final part of our analysis (Figure 2).…”

Section: Sharcs On the Shane Telescopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We followed steps outlined in Stefánsson et al (2020) and Beard et al (2022) to estimate T eff , g log , and [Fe/H] values of GJ 3929. The HPF-SpecMatch code is based on the Spec-Match-Emp algorithm from Yee et al (2017) and compares the high-resolution HPF spectrum of the target star of interest to a library of high-S/N as-observed HPF spectra.…”

Section: Stellar Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion

Beard

Robertson

Kanodia

et al. 2022

ApJ

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We detail the follow-up and characterization of a transiting exo-Venus identified by TESS, GJ 3929b (TOI-2013b), and its nontransiting companion planet, GJ 3929c (TOI-2013c). GJ 3929b is an Earth-sized exoplanet in its star’s Venus zone (P b = 2.616272 ± 0.000005 days; S b = 17.3 − 0.7 + 0.8 S ⊕) orbiting a nearby M dwarf. GJ 3929c is most likely a nontransiting sub-Neptune. Using the new, ultraprecise NEID spectrometer on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, we are able to modify the mass constraints of planet b reported in previous works and consequently improve the significance of the mass measurement to almost 4σ confidence (M b = 1.75 ± 0.45 M ⊕). We further adjust the orbital period of planet c from its alias at 14.30 ± 0.03 days to the likely true period of 15.04 ± 0.03 days, and we adjust its minimum mass to m sin i = 5.71 ± 0.92 M ⊕. Using the diffuser-assisted ARCTIC imager on the ARC 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory, in addition to publicly available TESS and LCOGT photometry, we are able to constrain the radius of planet b to R p = 1.09 ± 0.04 R ⊕. GJ 3929b is a top candidate for transmission spectroscopy in its size regime (TSM = 14 ± 4), and future atmospheric studies of GJ 3929b stand to shed light on the nature of small planets orbiting M dwarfs.

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Section: Sharcs On the Shane Telescopementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stellar Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion

Beard

Robertson

Kanodia

et al. 2022

ApJ

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Validation and atmospheric exploration of the sub-Neptune TOI-2136b around a nearby M3 dwarf

Kawauchi

Murgas

Πάλλη

et al. 2022

A&A

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Context. The NASA space telescope TESS is currently in the extended mission of its all-sky search for new transiting planets. Of the thousands of candidates that TESS is expected to deliver, transiting planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs are particularly interesting targets since they provide a great opportunity to characterize their atmospheres by transmission spectroscopy. Aims. We aim to validate and characterize the new sub-Neptune-sized planet candidate TOI-2136.01 orbiting a nearby M dwarf (d = 33.36 ± 0.02 pc, T e f f = 3373 ± 108 K) with an orbital period of 7.852 days. Methods. We use TESS data, ground-based multicolor photometry, and radial velocity measurements with the InfraRed Doppler (IRD) instrument on the Subaru Telescope to validate the planetary nature of TOI-2136.01, and estimate the stellar and planetary parameters. We also conduct high-resolution transmission spectroscopy to search for helium in its atmosphere. Results. We confirm that TOI-2136.01 (now named TOI-2136b) is a bona fide planet with a planetary radius of R p = 2.20 ± 0.07 R ⊕ and a mass of M p = 4.7 +3.1 −2.6 M ⊕ . We also search for helium 10830 Å absorption lines and place an upper limit on the equivalent width of < 7.8 mÅ and on the absorption signal of < 1.44 % with 95% confidence. Conclusions. TOI-2136b is a sub-Neptune transiting a nearby and bright star (J=10.8 mag), and is a potentially hycean planet, which is a new class of habitable planets with large oceans under a H 2 -rich atmosphere, making it an excellent target for atmospheric studies to understand the formation, evolution, and habitability of the small planets.

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TOI-2084 b and TOI-4184 b: Two new sub-Neptunes around M dwarf stars

Barkaoui¹,

Timmermans²,

Soubkiou³

2023

A&A

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We present the discovery and validation of two TESS exoplanets orbiting nearby M dwarfs: TOI-2084 b, and TOI-4184b. We characterized the host stars by combining spectra from Shane/Kast and Magellan/FIRE, spectral energy distribution analysis, and stellar evolutionary models. In addition, we used Gemini-South/Zorro & -North/Alopeke high-resolution imaging, archival science images, and statistical validation packages to support the planetary interpretation. We performed a global analysis of multi-colour photometric data from TESS and ground-based facilities in order to derive the stellar and planetary physical parameters for each system. We find that TOI-2084 band TOI-4184 bare sub-Neptune-sized planets with radii of Rp = 2.47 ± 0.13R⊕ and Rp = 2.43 ± 0.21 R⊕, respectively. TOI-2084 b completes an orbit around its host star every 6.08 days, has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 527 ± 8 K and an irradiation of Sp = 12.8 ± 0.8 S⊕. Its host star is a dwarf of spectral M2.0 ± 0.5 at a distance of 114 pc with an effective temperature of Teff = 3550 ± 50 K, and has a wide, co-moving M8 companion at a projected separation of 1400 au. TOI-4184 b orbits around an M5.0 ± 0.5 type dwarf star (Kmag = 11.87) each 4.9 days, and has an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 412 ± 8 K and an irradiation of Sp = 4.8 ± 0.4 S⊕. TOI-4184 is a metal poor star ([Fe/H] = −0.27 ± 0.09 dex) at a distance of 69 pc with an effective temperature of Teff = 3225 ± 75 K. Both planets are located at the edge of the sub-Jovian desert in the radius-period plane. The combination of the small size and the large infrared brightness of their host stars make these new planets promising targets for future atmospheric exploration with JWST.

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TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the Masses of Two Mini-Neptunes with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder

Cited by 4 publications

References 142 publications

GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion

GJ 3929: High-precision Photometric and Doppler Characterization of an Exo-Venus and Its Hot, Mini-Neptune-mass Companion

Validation and atmospheric exploration of the sub-Neptune TOI-2136b around a nearby M3 dwarf

TOI-2084 b and TOI-4184 b: Two new sub-Neptunes around M dwarf stars

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