Tohoku Tsunami-Induced Building Failure Analysis with Implications for U.S. Tsunami and Seismic Design Codes

Chock, Gary; Carden, Lyle P.; Robertson, Ian; Olsen, Michael J.; Yu, Guangren

doi:10.1193/1.4000113

Cited by 58 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…No pile remained connected to the pile caps, suggesting a higher level of shear in the overturning motion than was experienced in the other overturned building with a pile foundation (Fraser et al, 2013). This building was lifted by the hydrostatic buoyancy off of its pile foundation, which did not have tension capacity due to the minimal reinforcing steel (Chock et al, 2013). In addition, it was lifted off its original site and carried over a low wall before being deposited approximately 15 m inland from its original location (Chock et al, 2013).…”

Section: Building Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This building was lifted by the hydrostatic buoyancy off of its pile foundation, which did not have tension capacity due to the minimal reinforcing steel (Chock et al, 2013). In addition, it was lifted off its original site and carried over a low wall before being deposited approximately 15 m inland from its original location (Chock et al, 2013).…”

Section: Building Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Possible Failure Mechanism of Buildings Overturned during the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in the Town of Onagawa

Latcharote

Suppasri

Yamashita

et al. 2017

Front. Built Environ.

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Six buildings were overturned in the town of Onagawa during the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami. This study investigates the possible failure mechanisms of building overturning during tsunami flow. The tsunami inundation depth and flow velocity at each overturned building were recalculated by using a tsunami numerical simulation and verified using a recorded video. The overturning moment is a result of hydrodynamic and buoyancy forces, whereas the resisting moment is a result of building self-weight and pile resistance force. This study aimed to demonstrate that the building foundation design is critical for preventing buildings from overturning. The analysis results suggest that buoyancy force can generate a larger overturning moment than hydrodynamic force, and the failure of a pile foundation could occur during both ground shaking and tsunami flow. For the pile foundation, pile resistance force plays a significant role due to both tension and shear capacities at the pile head and skin friction capacity between the pile and soil, which can be calculated from 18 soil boring data in Onagawa using a conventional method in the AIJ standards. In addition, soil liquefaction can reduce skin friction capacity between the pile and soil resulting in a decrease of the resisting moment from pile resistance force.

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Section: Building Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Building Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Failure Mechanism of Buildings Overturned during the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in the Town of Onagawa

Latcharote

Suppasri

Yamashita

et al. 2017

Front. Built Environ.

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show abstract

“…Tsunami-induced forces on buildings have never been directly measured, and although some studies have attempted to estimate tsunami forces from observed damage to onshore structures (Tokyo University and BRI, 2011;Chock et al, 2013), force-related TIMs for fragility analysis have always been based on numerical inundation modeling.…”

Section: Field Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Tsunami-Induced Building Damage through Fragility Functions: Critical Review and Research Needs

Charvet

Macabuag

Rossetto

2017

Front. Built Environ.

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Tsunami damage, fragility, and vulnerability functions are statistical models that provide an estimate of expected damage or losses due to tsunami. They allow for quantification of risk, and so are a vital component of catastrophe models used for human and financial loss estimation, and for land-use and emergency planning. This paper collates and reviews the currently available tsunami fragility functions in order to highlight the current limitations, outline significant advances in this field, make recommendations for model derivation, and propose key areas for further research. Existing functions are first presented, and then key issues are identified in the current literature for each of the model components: building damage data (the response variable of the statistical model), tsunami intensity data (the explanatory variable), and the statistical model that links the two. Finally, recommendations are made regarding areas for future research and current best practices in deriving tsunami fragility functions (see Discussion, Recommendations, and Future Research). The information presented in this paper may be used to assess the quality of current estimations (both based on the quality of the data, and the quality of the models and methods adopted) and to adopt best practice when developing new fragility functions.

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“…Furthermore, overtopping tsunami flow should be considered when establishing the required building height for designated evacuation buildings. Based on observed and possible future damage, new concepts can be proposed for the tsunami design codes of designated evacuation buildings to protect against earthquakes and subsequent tsunamis [Chock et al, 2013]. For existing evacuation buildings, strengthening plans should be implemented so that the buildings conform to the design criteria of tsunami design codes.…”

Section: Design Recommendation For Evacuation Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Tsunami Countermeasures Based on Lessons from The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami — Situation After Five Years

Suppasri

Latcharote

Bricker

et al. 2016

Coastal Engineering Journal

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The 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami exposed many hidden weaknesses in Japan's tsunami countermeasures. Since then, many improvements have been made in both structural measures (numerical simulations, coastal defense structures, building damage assessment and control forests) and nonstructural measures (warning/observation and evacuation). This review summarizes the lessons and improvements in the five-year time period after the 2011 event. After five years, most of the lessons from the 2011 tsunami have been applied, including more realistic tsunami simulations using very fine grids, methods to strengthen coastal defense structures, building evacuations and coastal forests, improved warning content and key points to improve evacuation measures. Nevertheless, large future challenges remain, such as an advanced simulation technique and system for real-time hazard and risk prediction, implementation of coastal defense structures/multilayer countermeasures and encouraging evacuation. In addition, among papers presented at the coastal engineering conference in Japan, the proportion of tsunami-related research in Japan increased from 15% to 35% because of the 2011 tsunami, and approximately 65-70% of tsunami-related studies involve numerical simulation, coastal structures and building damage. These results show the impact of the 2011 tsunami on coastal engineering related to academic institutions and consulting industries in Japan as well as the interest in each tsunami countermeasure.

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Tohoku Tsunami-Induced Building Failure Analysis with Implications for U.S. Tsunami and Seismic Design Codes

Cited by 58 publications

References 10 publications

Possible Failure Mechanism of Buildings Overturned during the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in the Town of Onagawa

Possible Failure Mechanism of Buildings Overturned during the 2011 Great East Japan Tsunami in the Town of Onagawa

Estimating Tsunami-Induced Building Damage through Fragility Functions: Critical Review and Research Needs

Improvement of Tsunami Countermeasures Based on Lessons from The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami — Situation After Five Years

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