“…Research on affects in the linguistic landscape considers signs as performative (Borba, 2019), that is, as attempts to structure space (Wee & Goh, 2019, p. 8). The material emplacements of language can manage or regulate the public display of affect (Wee & Goh, 2019, p. 8), evoke contestation and partake in a political crisis (Borba, 2019, p. 163), as well as resonate hope amidst crises such as a pandemic (Comer, 2022), assign the landscape a rhythm that fluctuates and reflects the national, cultural, and ethnic identities of its inhabitants (Niedt, 2020), and mediate relationships among locals (Stroud and Jegels, 2014). In these studies, the materiality of the landscape, and the analyst's interpretation of it is given primacy, although many of the studies also draw on interviews (e.g., Niedt, 2020; Stroud & Jegels, 2014).…”