The issue of Aboriginal out-of-home care is one fraught with difficulty given the divergent perspectives on the problems associated with Aboriginal child welfare and wide-ranging opinions on their cause and effect depending on one's point of view. This article focuses on a particular analysis of Aboriginal out-of-home care in Australia rather than on child welfare generally. Its purpose is to highlight the complexity of the issues involved and, more importantly, to articulate the Aboriginal perspective on these issues. It does so from both a theoretical and practice perspective as one of the authors (BV) has a practice background in outof-home care spanning 30 years, including working with Aboriginal families, communities, and organisations. From an Aboriginal perspective, the Australian legal system is unequal, racist, and culturally biased such that the present Aboriginal care and protection system will not change until broader issues of Aboriginal trauma, dispossession, racism, and disadvantage are addressed.While one might question whether the number of Aboriginal children in the care and protection system and in out-of-home care is related to these issues, it is nevertheless true that Aboriginal children are over-represented in the care system. As of June 30, 2004, the number of children aged 0 to 17 years in care Australia-wide was 21,795. Of this number, 5,059 or 23.2% of these children were Aboriginal, and 16,736 or 76.8% were non-Aboriginal. In considering the number of Aboriginal children whose placements conform to the Aboriginal Child Placement Principle (ACPP), data was only available for 2,553 Aboriginal children as figures for New South Wales (NSW) were not available.