Toe systolic pressures and toe-brachial indices

Trevethan, Robert

doi:10.1097/mbp.0000000000000372

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The chosen diagnostic limit of TBI could result in an overestimation as the prevalence rate was high in PHC who did not have notable known cardiovascular risk factors. At present, the diagnostic usage of TBI is not consistent, and different diagnostic limits have been suggested as well as using TBI as a screening tool [23]. Depending on methods of measuring TBI, heating of toes, cuff size, pretest rest, and/or ambient temperature, diagnostic limits vary from TBI ≤ 0.54 to < 0.75 [11,23].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the diagnostic usage of TBI is not consistent, and different diagnostic limits have been suggested as well as using TBI as a screening tool [23]. Depending on methods of measuring TBI, heating of toes, cuff size, pretest rest, and/or ambient temperature, diagnostic limits vary from TBI ≤ 0.54 to < 0.75 [11,23]. The method of measuring TBI in this study was validated in regard to heating of toes, pretest rest, and the automated photoplethysmography device.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral artery disease in patients with schizophrenia as compared to controls

Jørgensen

Hegtmann

Straszek

et al. 2023

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background Patients with schizophrenia have an increased prevalence of risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and is expected to have an increased prevalence of PAD. PAD can be detected utilizing toe–brachial index (TBI) which screens for vascular pathology proximal to the toes. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, we defined the subpopulations: (1) Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia less than 2 years before inclusion (SCZ < 2), (2) Psychiatric healthy controls matched to subpopulation 1 on sex, age, and smoking status, and (3) Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia 10 or more years before inclusion (SCZ ≥ 10). TBI was calculated by dividing toe pressures by systolic brachial blood pressure, and PAD was defined by TBI < 0.70. Logistic regression analysis with PAD as outcome and sex, age, smoking status, BMI, skin temperature, diagnosis of schizophrenia, and comorbidities as explanatory variables was conducted. Results PAD was present in 26.2% of patients diagnosed with SCZ < 2 (17 of 65) and in 18.5% of psychiatric healthy controls (12 of 65) with no statistically significant difference in prevalence rates (p = 0.29). PAD was present in 22.0% of patients diagnosed with SCZ ≥ 10 (31 of 141). In logistic regression, patients diagnosed with SCZ < 2 had an increased odds of PAD with psychiatric healthy controls as reference (Odds ratio = 2.80, 95% confidence interval 1.09–7.23, p = 0.03). The analysis was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, BMI and comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and heart disease. Conclusions This study did not find statistically significant increased prevalence rates of PAD in patients with schizophrenia even though patients with SCZ were compared to psychiatric healthy controls using TBI. Utilizing logistic regression PAD was associated with schizophrenia diagnosis within the last 2 years, age and skin temperature. As PAD is initially asymptomatic, screening could be relevant in patients with schizophrenia if other risk factors are prevalent. Further large-scale multicenter studies are warranted to investigate schizophrenia as a potential risk factor for PAD. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02885792.

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Section: Strengths and Limitations Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%