Toddler risk and protective characteristics: Common and unique genetic and environmental influences

Rea‐Sandin, Gianna; Clifford, Sierra; Valiente, Carlos; Lemery‐Chalfant, Kathryn

doi:10.1111/sode.12347

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Inevitably, however, in observational studies also genetic factors may have a role. For example, a twin study showed that approximately 40% of variance in toddlers social–emotional competency in BITSEA is attributable to heritable factors, and 50% to shared environmental influences ( Rea-Sandin et al, 2019 ). Thus, the observed association between mother’s high PRF and child’s social–emotional competencies may be, to some extent, accounted by shared genetic factors between the mother and the child.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early pathways of maternal mentalization: Associations with child development in the FinnBrain birth cohort study

et al. 2022

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Parental mentalization refers to a parents’ capacity and interest to consider the individual experience and mental state underlying the behaviors of the child. Higher mentalization is considered a key aspect for parental sensitivity in interaction, fostering child’s socioemotional and self-regulatory development. Yet, previous studies have not examined the dynamic pathways through which the maternal mentalization may develop, nor their effects on child development. Thus, in the current person-oriented studies, first, we identify distinct profiles and longitudinal trajectories of maternal mentalization from pregnancy to child’s 2 years of age. Second, we test how the profiles and trajectories associate with children’s internalizing and externalizing problems, social–emotional competence and effortful control at the age of 2 years. Third, we examine how the profiles and trajectories associate with contextual demographic and child related. The substudy was part of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort and included families from general population (n = 2,687). Mothers reported their parental reflective functioning (PRF) at late pregnancy, 6 months and 2 years of child’s age. Both mothers (n = 1,437) and fathers (n = 715) reported the developmental child outcomes at the child’s age of 2 years. Latent Profile Analysis and Latent Transition Analysis were used to identify PRF profiles and trajectories. The results showed decreasing heterogeneity in PRF from pregnancy to child’s age of 6 months and 2 years (i.e., four, three and two latent classes, respectively). Most mothers progressed towards high PRF over time. Second, the profiles and trajectories depicting high PRF associated with child high social–emotional competence at the age of 2 years, yet no clear positive effects were found on child’s problems and effortful control. The group of mixed PRF trajectories showed strongest association with child’s internalizing and externalizing problems. Finally, there were theoretically meaningful associations between the PRF trajectories and both the contextual (e.g., parity) and child related (e.g., infant temperament) factors. This was the first study to explore the early unfolding of maternal mentalization. The results are discussed in relation with the potential mechanisms accounting for child development and with the nature and limitations of self-reported parental mentalization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early pathways of maternal mentalization: Associations with child development in the FinnBrain birth cohort study

et al. 2022

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“…We also examined whether familism, an important cultural value characterized by valuing obedience and respect for family members, moderated the etiology of executive functioning in middle childhood (Rea-Sandin et al, 2019). Although traditionally endorsed by Mexican American individuals, we found that other American ethnic groups ascribe to familism values as well.…”

Section: Preliminary Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arizona Twin Project: Specificity in Risk and Resilience for Developmental Psychopathology and Health

et al. 2019

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The Arizona Twin Project is an ongoing longitudinal study designed to elucidate gene–environment interplay underlying the development of risk and resilience to common mental and physical health problems during infancy, childhood and adolescence. Specificity of risk is carefully examined across mental and physical health and how these influences vary across socioeconomic and sociocultural environments. Participants are a sample of approximately 700 twins (31% Latinx) recruited from birth records in the state of Arizona, USA. Twins are 32% monozygotic twins, 36% same-sex dizygotic (DZ), 32% opposite-sex DZ, currently 10–11 years of age. Primary caregivers were interviewed on twins’ development and early physical and social environments when twins were 1, 2 and 5 years of age. In-depth objective measurement commenced in middle childhood, with in-person assessments at 8–11 years of age, with plans to continue to follow the sample across adolescence. Middle childhood measures focus on children’s physical and mental health, including diurnal cortisol, actigraphy-based measures of sleep and activity, cold pressor task assessing acute pain, and reaction time tasks assessing executive functioning. Preliminary findings illustrate that objective assessments of children’s health are highly heritable, but they do not always share genetic etiology with more commonly used subjective assessments. Exposure to early adversity moderates genetic influences on both executive functioning and health, with higher heritability typically seen under adverse conditions. Future directions include an examination of how pubertal stage affects genetic and environmental influences on diurnal cortisol, sleep, chronic pain, and mental health.

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“…Toddlers can be defined as children aged under five years (0-59 months) with different characteristics for each age group (Rea-Sandin et al, 2019). A study concluded that children who receive complementary feeding not on time (<6 months or >6 months) are more likely to become stunted than children who receive complementary feeding on time (Tessema et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toddlers can be defined as children aged under five years (0–59 months) with different characteristics for each age group (Rea-Sandin et al. , 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family support is the strongest predictor that influences mother’s self-efficacy level on complementary feedings practices among toddlers in Tengger tribe

Muniroh,

Sulistyorini,,

Abihail,

2024

NFS

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Purpose The low rate of exclusive breastfeeding and the early introduction of complementary feeding are among the causes of nutritional problems in children. The national coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in 2019 was 67.7%, surpassing the target of the 2019 Strategic Plan, which was 50%. However, there are still several practices of early and inappropriate complementary feeding (32.3%) that can be contributing factors to malnutrition problems in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence mother’s self-efficacy levels regarding complementary feeding practices among toddlers in the Tengger tribe. Design/methodology/approach The study conducted was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. It focused on mothers with children aged 6–24 months in Wonokitri village, East Java. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and information from the local health center. The analysis involved univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. Findings Most mothers were aged 20–34 years (78.9%), had a good level of knowledge (61.4%), the last education level of fathers and mothers was high school (47.4%; 54.4%), parents work as farmers (86.0%; 61.4%), Hinduism (98.2%), family income is less than the minimum wage (78.9%), and mothers receive good family support (73.7%). Most toddlers were boys (56.1%), aged 13–24 months (68.4%), and the second child (66.7%). Family support was the only factor that was significantly related to a mother’s self-efficacy in complementary breastfeeding practices (p-value = 0.042). Research limitations/implications It is hoped that more families and health workers will support mothers in giving food to their babies based on the guidelines. Originality/value This paper collects evidence from indigenous people of the Tengger tribe.

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Toddler risk and protective characteristics: Common and unique genetic and environmental influences

Cited by 6 publications

References 61 publications

Early pathways of maternal mentalization: Associations with child development in the FinnBrain birth cohort study

Early pathways of maternal mentalization: Associations with child development in the FinnBrain birth cohort study

Arizona Twin Project: Specificity in Risk and Resilience for Developmental Psychopathology and Health

Family support is the strongest predictor that influences mother’s self-efficacy level on complementary feedings practices among toddlers in Tengger tribe

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