Tobacco use, exposure to second-hand smoke among pregnant women and their association with birth weight: A retrospective cohort study

Aung

Asia Pac J Public Health

et al. 2023

Smokers are not the only ones who suffer the effects of tobacco; those around them are also harmed, particularly vulnerable groups such as pregnant women. This study aims to describe the prevalence of secondhand smoke (SHS) among pregnant women and the factors associated with SHS exposure. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Central Women’s Hospital in the Yangon Region in 2022. The prevalence of SHS exposure was described, and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors. Out of 407 participants, the prevalence of SHS exposure was 65.4%. Education level, religion, smoking rules at home, visiting public places, and avoidance of SHS during pregnancy were significantly associated with SHS exposure. The findings highlight the need for community guidance programs, policies, and interventions to establish smoke-free environments. It is also important to conduct behavioral interventions for smokers, especially to avoid SHS for pregnant women.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Secondhand Smoke and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at a Hospital in Yangon Region, Myanmar

Aung

Asia Pac J Public Health

et al. 2023

“…A study in Saudi Arabia found that SHS exposure was associated with reduced birth weight, head circumference, and shorter length in addition to an increased rate of LBW infants [30]. On the other hand, a retrospective study done by Krishnamurthy et al [34] reported no association between SHS exposure and low birth weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of secondhand smoke exposure on the pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study among Egyptian community

et al. 2021

Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure gained lesser interest than active smoking. There is evidence from previous studies that SHS exposure had negative effects on fetal growth. This study aimed to examine the effect of smoke exposure on pregnancy outcome and to evaluate the level of nicotine urinary end-product cotinine in pregnant women in the late trimester. We included 36 women with a history of SHS exposure and 48 women without a history of exposure; all were in last trimester of pregnancy. We measured cotinine level in urine and followed the two groups until delivery and recorded fetal outcomes. Fetal biophysical parameters and blood flow waveforms were measured using B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. Results The total range of the urinary cotinine creatinine ratio (CCR) concentration in the SHS exposed pregnant women was 0.01–0.2, IQR = 0.18 ng/mg.cr, versus 0.01–0.1, and IQR = 0.03 ng/mg.cr in the non-exposed group. The mean value as well as the mean rank of CCR was significantly higher (0.1 ± 0.08 ng/mg.cr., 40.3 respectively) in the exposed pregnant women as compared to the non-exposed pregnant women ((0.04 ± 0.02), 29.3 respectively, p value < 0.05). Newborn of the exposed women had significantly low birth weight which negatively correlated with cotinine level and had a dose-response relationship. Conclusions SHS exposure had negative effects on fetal outcomes. Efforts should be utilized to increase awareness of the consequences of secondhand smoke on the fetus and strict follow-up of exposed women for early detection.

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

“…Two cross-sectional studies conducted in Henan and Sichuan Provinces reported that approximately 60 to 70% of pregnant women experience SHS exposure, and 75.1% of nonsmoking pregnant women suffer from chronic SHS exposure from their spouses [6,7]. Additionally, some investigations indicated that the self-reported rate of SHS exposure was relatively high in the third trimester [8][9][10]. Previous studies have shown that exposure to SHS is more serious than active smoking [3,11,12] because it is 3 to 4 times more damaging per gram of particulate matter than smoke directly inhaled by a smoker [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women and their socioeconomic status and its interaction with age: a cross-sectional study

Zhou

Zhu

et al. 2022

Background Existing evidence highlights that exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a risk factor for pregnant women’s health and is possibly affected by individual characteristics. This study aimed to explore the effect of individual socioeconomic status (SES) on SHS exposure among pregnant women in the third trimester and the interaction effect of age. Methods A total of 678 nonsmoking pregnant women with a median age of 29.0 years from 14 communities in a medium-sized city were recruited for this survey. Exposure to SHS was defined as the self-reported smoking habit of a spouse/partner. Individual SES characteristics consisted of marital status, educational attainment, employment and per capita monthly income. Results There were 238 (35.1%) participants who suffered from SHS exposure. Compared to the pregnant women who were employed, those who were unemployed were more likely to suffer from SHS exposure (OR = 1.572, 95% CI: 1.013–2.441). Participants who had a high school or technical secondary school education were more likely to be exposed to SHS than those with a college education or above (OR = 1.601, 95% CI: 1.029–2.449). Advanced age was a protective factor for participants with a college education or above (OR = 0.939, 95% CI: 0.884–0.997), but age increased the risk of SHS exposure among women who had unstable marriages (OR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.019–1.549). Conclusion Exposure to SHS was very common among pregnant women in the third trimester. Pregnant women with a low SES and an older age should be considered a key population for the implementation of public health interventions.