“…AEH have unique barriers to smoking cessation that include social, environmental, and psychological factors ( Okuyemi et al., 2006a ; Soar et al., 2020 ); tailored approaches should be developed based on the specific illness, substance use, and low health literacy which are common among AEH, and may influence motivation to quit smoking (MTQS), treatment engagement, and the likelihood of cessation ( Nguyen et al., 2015 ). For example, smoking prevalence rates among people experiencing mental illness or substance use disorder (SUD) are 2-3 times higher than in the general population ( Prochaska et al., 2017 ), and co-occurring mental illness and substance use further increase the likelihood of smoking ( Pettey and Aubry, 2018 ). Moreover, lower health literacy, common among AEH ( Odoh et al., 2019 ), has been linked with greater nicotine dependence ( Stewart et al., 2013 ) and relapse following a cessation attempt ( Stewart et al., 2014 ).…”