Tobacco Use and Smoke Exposure in Children: New Trends, Harm, and Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes

Makadia, Luv D.; Roper, Philip; Andrews, Jeannette O.; Tingen, Martha S.

doi:10.1007/s11882-017-0723-0

Cited by 71 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Nicotine use by pregnant women is associated with increased risk of behavioral disorders, not only in their children but also in multiple generations of descendants [ 1 – 5 ]. Whereas maternal nicotine use is an undeniable concern, in reality more men smoke cigarettes than women [ 6 , 7 ]. Studies in human subjects suggest that paternal cigarette smoking adversely impacts attentional control [ 8 ] and increases the risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine exposure of male mice produces behavioral impairment in multiple generations of descendants

et al. 2018

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Use of tobacco products is injurious to health in men and women. However, tobacco use by pregnant women receives greater scrutiny because it can also compromise the health of future generations. More men smoke cigarettes than women. Yet the impact of nicotine use by men upon their descendants has not been as widely scrutinized. We exposed male C57BL/6 mice to nicotine (200 μg/mL in drinking water) for 12 wk and bred the mice with drug-naïve females to produce the F1 generation. Male and female F1 mice were bred with drug-naïve partners to produce the F2 generation. We analyzed spontaneous locomotor activity, working memory, attention, and reversal learning in male and female F1 and F2 mice. Both male and female F1 mice derived from the nicotine-exposed males showed significant increases in spontaneous locomotor activity and significant deficits in reversal learning. The male F1 mice also showed significant deficits in attention, brain monoamine content, and dopamine receptor mRNA expression. Examination of the F2 generation showed that male F2 mice derived from paternally nicotine-exposed female F1 mice had significant deficits in reversal learning. Analysis of epigenetic changes in the spermatozoa of the nicotine-exposed male founders (F0) showed significant changes in global DNA methylation and DNA methylation at promoter regions of the dopamine D2 receptor gene. Our findings show that nicotine exposure of male mice produces behavioral changes in multiple generations of descendants. Nicotine-induced changes in spermatozoal DNA methylation are a plausible mechanism for the transgenerational transmission of the phenotypes. These findings underscore the need to enlarge the current focus of research and public policy targeting nicotine exposure of pregnant mothers by a more equitable focus on nicotine exposure of the mother and the father.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine exposure of male mice produces behavioral impairment in multiple generations of descendants

et al. 2018

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“…It is well established that inhaling second-hand smoke (SHS) is harmful and that no scientific evidence establishes a risk-free level of exposure. 1 2 Notably, a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries revealed that 40% of children (including 35% of non-smoking women and 33% of non-smoking men) were exposed to SHS, and this exposure is estimated to result in an annual estimate of 603 000 deaths attributable to SHS. 3 Global youth tobacco surveillance also reported that nearly half the adolescents worldwide were exposed to SHS at home (42.5%) and in public places (55.1%), which constitutes a substantial public health threat and demands urgent intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency–risk relationships between second-hand smoke exposure and respiratory symptoms among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in South China

Chen

Liu

Chen³

et al. 2018

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesAlthough previous studies have suggested an association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and respiratory symptoms, current evidence is inconsistent. Additionally, it remains unclear whether there are frequency–risk relationships between SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms among adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified cluster sampling method to obtain a representative sample of high school students in Guangzhou, China. The respiratory symptoms were defined as persistent cough or sputum for three consecutive months during the past 12 months. Self-reported SHS exposure was defined as non-smokers' inhalation of the smoke exhaled from smokers on ≥1 day a week in the past 7 days. The univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to explore the potential frequency–risk relationships between SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms.ResultsAmong 3575 students, the overall prevalence of SHS exposure was 69.2%, including 49.5% for SHS in public places, 34.5% in homes, 22.7% in indoor campuses and 29.2% in outdoor campuses. There were significantly increased risks of having respiratory symptoms corresponding to SHS exposure in public places (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.95), in homes (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.87), in indoor campuses (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.79) and in outdoor campuses (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.69) using no exposure as reference. Notably, we observed monotonic frequency–risk relationships between setting-specific(eg, homes, public places and campuses) SHS exposure and respiratory symptoms.ConclusionOur findings suggest that setting-specific SHS exposure is associated with a significant, dose-dependent increase in risk of respiratory symptoms.

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“…Tobacco smoking and drinking alcohol have been confirmed as associated with many chronic diseases [36][37][38][39], and to adversely affect the health of children [40,41]. Therefore, more effective measurements should be conducted to make children more aware of the harm of smoking and alcohol drinking on health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Associated Lifestyle Factors of Suboptimal Health Status among Chinese Children Using a Multi-Level Model

Liu

Zhu

2020

IJERPH

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Chinese children are facing health challenges brought by chronic non-communicable diseases, such as physical problems and psychological related health problems. Childhood represents a critical life period when the long-term dietary and lifestyle behaviors are formed. It is necessary to survey the prevalence of suboptimal health status (SHS) among Chinese children and to research the relationship between SHS and lifestyles. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of SHS among Chinese children using a large-scale population survey sample covering school students and nonstudent children, and clarified the relationships between SHS and lifestyle factors using multi-level models controlled for the cluster effect of location and the confounding effect of demographics. Multi-level generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the relationships between SHS and lifestyle factors. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of these relationships. Of the 29,560 children, 14,393 reported one or more SHS symptoms, giving a SHS prevalence of 48.69%. The prevalence of SHS for boys (46.07%) was lower than that for girls (51.05%). After controlling for the cluster effect of living areas and confounding effect of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors associated with SHS were: less sleep duration, current smokers (PR = 1.085, 95%CI: 1.027–1.147), current drinkers (PR = 1.072, 95%CI: 1.016–1.131), children’ parents suffering from chronic diseases (PR = 1.294, 95%CI: 1.179–1.421), poor sleep quality (PR = 1.470, 95%CI: 1.394–1.550), stress (PR = 1.545, 95%CI: 1.398–1.707), negative life events (PR = 1.237, 95%CI: 1.088–1.406), hypertension (PR = 1.046, 95%CI: 1.009–1.084), unhealthy diet choice (PR = 1.091, 95%CI: 1.051–1.133) and irregular meal time (PR = 1.210, 95%CI: 1.163–1.259). Children who could exercise regularly (PR = 0.897, 95%CI: 0.868–0.927) and those with regular medical checkup (PR = 0.891, 95%CI: 0.854–0.929) were associated with lower prevalence probability of SHS. SHS has become a serious public health challenge for Chinese children. Unhealthy lifestyles were closely associated with SHS. Implementation of preventative strategies are needed to reduce the potential SHS burden associated with these widespread high-risk unhealthy lifestyle behaviors.

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Tobacco Use and Smoke Exposure in Children: New Trends, Harm, and Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes

Cited by 71 publications

References 106 publications

Nicotine exposure of male mice produces behavioral impairment in multiple generations of descendants

Nicotine exposure of male mice produces behavioral impairment in multiple generations of descendants

Frequency–risk relationships between second-hand smoke exposure and respiratory symptoms among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in South China

Prevalence and Associated Lifestyle Factors of Suboptimal Health Status among Chinese Children Using a Multi-Level Model

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