Tobacco use and risk of myocardial infarction in 52 countries in the INTERHEART study: a case-control study

Teo, Koon; Ôunpuu, Stephanie; Hawken, Steven; Pandey, .; Valentín, Vicent; Hunt, David; Dı́az, Rafael; Rashed, Wafa; Freeman, Rosario V.; Jiang, Lixin; Zhang, Xiaofei; Yusuf, Salim

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69249-0

Cited by 821 publications

(613 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Increasing age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, lower income status, increased serum creatinine, and smoking are all cardiovascular risk factors associated with a higher risk of developing obstructive CAD 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37. Presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, and a Charlson comorbidity index score are all measures of comorbidity that may affect a clinician's decision‐making process with respect to choosing a suitable initial diagnostic test 38.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Anatomic and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Alternative Initial Noninvasive Testing Strategies for the Diagnosis of Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Roifman

Wijeysundera

Austin

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundThe optimal initial noninvasive diagnostic testing strategy for stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown. Although American guidelines recommend an exercise stress test as the first‐line test, European guidelines suggest that stress imaging (myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography) or coronary computed tomography angiography may be preferable. Understanding the relationship between the initial strategy and downstream yield of obstructive CAD and major adverse cardiac events may provide insight as to the optimal strategy.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study of adults in Ontario, Canada, using health administrative and clinical data. The relationship between the initial testing strategy and obstructive CAD on invasive angiography was examined. Patients were then followed from their angiogram onward to determine whether they developed a composite end point of major adverse cardiac events. After adjusting for covariates, patients with initial myocardial perfusion imaging (odds ratio: 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.85, 1.00), coronary computed tomography angiography (odds ratio: 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.91, 2.49), or stress echo (odds ratio: 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.84, 1.08) did not a have significantly different yield of obstructive CAD compared with those with an initial exercise stress test. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in downstream major adverse cardiac events after invasive angiography among the 4 initial testing strategies after adjusting for clinically relevant covariates.ConclusionsOur study found no evidence to suggest significant differences in either yield of obstructive CAD or downstream major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing an initial noninvasive testing strategy with stress or anatomical imaging compared with those undergoing an initial exercise stress test.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Anatomic and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Alternative Initial Noninvasive Testing Strategies for the Diagnosis of Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Roifman

Wijeysundera

Austin

et al. 2017

JAHA

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“…13 Cigarette smoking is one of the most important avoidable causes of cardiovascular disease worldwide 1,2 and emerging data suggest that second hand smoke (smoking habits of family members such as parental smoking) is associated with adverse health affects. 14,15 Risk factors such as high blood pressure, parental smoking are common among Turkish children and adolescents 16 and cardiovascular risk profile in Turkish children appear to be unique compared to different populations. 17 In this study, we examined temporal trends in body mass index (BMI), parental smoking and blood pressure by comparing 15-17 years old children in [1989][1990] and in [2004][2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in body mass index, blood pressure and parental smoking habits in middle socio-economic level Turkish adolescents

et al. 2007

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Patterns of cardiovascular risk factors in populations are not static over time. We examined trends in body mass index (BMI), parental smoking and blood pressure over a 15-year period in Turkish children aged 15-17 years. Two cross-sectional studies were performed in secondary schools in Turkey in 1989-1990 and 2004-2005. Study participants were 673 children in 1989-1990 and 640 adolescents in 2004-2005. Main outcome measures were weight, height, BMI, presence and amount of parental smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Age and sex matched comparisons were performed to assess temporal trends in these measures. Children in 2004-2005 had increased weight, height, BMI and decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all age groups compared with children in [1989][1990]. According to the international criteria, 3.4% of children were obese and 15.8% were overweight in 2005, compared to 0.7% obese and 4.2% overweight in 1990 (Po0.001). However, a decrease was noted in blood pressure; 16% were classified as hypertensive in 1989 -1990 versus 8% in 2004. The prevalence and amount of parental smoking also decreased over the last 15 years. We observed significant changes in BMI and blood pressure in Turkish children over the last 15 years. Temporal trends in these parameters may indicate a change in the pattern of cardiovascular disease in this population.

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“…3 Research delineating the impact of smoke-free legislation on cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes could have an immense impact on public health, given that an estimated one billion people are expected to die during the 21st century as a result of tobacco-related disease. 5 Public health campaigns have been aimed at increasing awareness of the dangers of second-hand smoke, and many jurisdictions worldwide have enacted legislation to restrict smoking in public places and at work. 6 A growing number of studies has shown evidence of reductions ranging from 8% to 40% in admissions to hospital for acute myocardial infarction after introduction of smoke-free legislation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of anti-smoking legislation with rates of hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory conditions

Naiman¹,

Glazier²,

Moineddin³

2010

Canadian Medical Association Journal

118

102

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Tobacco use and risk of myocardial infarction in 52 countries in the INTERHEART study: a case-control study

Cited by 821 publications

References 28 publications

Comparison of Anatomic and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Alternative Initial Noninvasive Testing Strategies for the Diagnosis of Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Comparison of Anatomic and Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Alternative Initial Noninvasive Testing Strategies for the Diagnosis of Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Trends in body mass index, blood pressure and parental smoking habits in middle socio-economic level Turkish adolescents

Association of anti-smoking legislation with rates of hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory conditions

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