Tobacco smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

The prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of tobacco and nicotine use among students in healthcare disciplines in Saudi Arabian universities: a cross-sectional survey

“…Also, the tobacco use pattern found in this study has been observed globally and likely reflects sociocultural factors related to gender norms. However, it should be noted that the prevalence of tobacco use is increasing among women in Saudi Arabia and is expected to increase further in the coming decades ( 26 ). The observed and expected changes in tobacco use among women in Saudi Arabia could be related to cultural changes and having more women joining the workforce.…”

Silver Spike Point Therapy in smoking cessation

“…4 Although the prevalence of tobacco use is relatively low among women in Saudi Arabia, it is expected to rise due to several factors. 5 Tobacco smoking was estimated to contribute 16.3% of cancer cases in the Arabian Gulf countries, 14.6% of adult cancer cases in the Eastern Mediterranean region, and more than 6% of colorectal cancer cases in Saudi Arabia. [6][7][8] In 2002, a national program was initiated to combat the smoking problem in the country; since then, efforts have continued to combat the smoking epidemic including providing smoking cessation treatment, capacity building of tobacco treatment workforce, and plain packaging implementation.…”

El Modelo Ecológico de Bronfenbrenner-Morris asociado a la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2

“…11 Otro de los factores considerados dentro de los de mayor riesgo, es el tabaquismo, el cual repercute de manera significativa en las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, de acuerdo con Al-Zalabani, et al, los fumadores activos tienen un riesgo mayor que va desde 30 a 40% comparado con los que no fuman, un dato importante que reportan los autores es que el riesgo no disminuye hasta diez años después de dejar de fumar, inclusive los fumadores pasivos, son afectados de igual manera que los no fumadores. 12 Así mismo, Jia y Sowers, determinaron que las personas con Síndrome Metabólico, tienen un alto riesgo para desarrollar hipertensión arterial, la cual constituye un factor para enfermedades cardiovasculares, accidentes cerebrovasculares, entre otros como la diabetes. 13 2) Mesosistema En el Mesosistema se encuentran factores como el tratamiento farmacológico que debe estar acorde con las características biopsicosociales particulares de cada persona, para preservar la calidad de vida, funcionalidad y favorecer el menor riesgo de efectos adversos.…”