Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 infection

Zyl-Smit, Richard van; Richards, Guy A.; Leone, Frank T.

doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30239-3

Cited by 164 publications

(162 citation statements)

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“…We adjusted our sample to be representative of the U.S. population and included confounders such as sex and race/ ethnicity to provide conservative estimates of association. Based on recommendations for studies on smoking and COVID-19 [26], our study adjusted for obesity, which we found was also an underlying risk factor among 13-to 24-year-olds. However, we did not include or adjust for other comorbid conditions such as hypertension due to low prevalence among 13-to 24-year-olds [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Youth Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and COVID-19

Gaiha

Cheng

Halpern‐Felsher

2020

Journal of Adolescent Health

275

267

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This study aimed to assess whether youth cigarette and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms, testing, and diagnosis. Methods: An online national survey of adolescents and young adults (n ¼ 4,351) aged 13e24 years was conducted in May 2020. Multivariable logistic regression assessed relationships among COVID-19erelated symptoms, testing, and diagnosis and cigarettes only, e-cigarettes only and dual use, sociodemographic factors, obesity, and complying with shelter-in-place. Results: COVID-19 diagnosis was five times more likely among ever-users of e-cigarettes only (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.82e13.96), seven times more likely among ever-dual-users (95% CI: 1.98 e24.55), and 6.8 times more likely among past 30-day dual-users (95% CI: 2.40e19.55). Testing was nine times more likely among past 30-day dual-users (95% CI: 5.43e15.47) and 2.6 times more likely among past 30-day e-cigarette only users (95% CI: 1.33e4.87). Symptoms were 4.7 times more likely among past 30-day dual-users (95% CI: 3.07e7.16). Conclusions: COVID-19 is associated with youth use of e-cigarettes only and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes, suggesting the need for screening and education.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Youth Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and COVID-19

Gaiha

Cheng

Halpern‐Felsher

2020

Journal of Adolescent Health

275

267

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The many detrimental effects tobacco can have on the lungs and other organs have made tobacco usage one of the biggest public health crises the world faces. Accumulating evidence suggests that smokers are more susceptible to bacterial or viral infection and exhibit greater severity of these infections [ 44 , 45 ]. There have also been limited accounts of cigarette smoking increasing severity of COVID-19 infection [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulating evidence suggests that smokers are more susceptible to bacterial or viral infection and exhibit greater severity of these infections [ 44 , 45 ]. There have also been limited accounts of cigarette smoking increasing severity of COVID-19 infection [ 45 ]. The millions of smokers worldwide may be especially vulnerable to COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco, but Not Nicotine and Flavor-Less Electronic Cigarettes, Induces ACE2 and Immune Dysregulation

Lee

Chakladar

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, overlaps with the ongoing epidemics of cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping. However, there is scarce data relating COVID-19 risks and outcome with cigarette or e-cig use. In this study, we mined three independent RNA expression datasets from smokers and vapers to understand the potential relationship between vaping/smoking and the dysregulation of key genes and pathways related to COVID-19. We found that smoking, but not vaping, upregulates ACE2, the cellular receptor that SARS-CoV-2 requires for infection. Both smoking and use of nicotine and flavor-containing e-cigs led to upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome-related genes. Specifically, chemokines including CCL20 and CXCL8 are upregulated in smokers, and CCL5 and CCR1 are upregulated in flavor/nicotine-containing e-cig users. We also found genes implicated in inflammasomes, such as CXCL1, CXCL2, NOD2, and ASC, to be upregulated in smokers and these e-cig users. Vaping flavor and nicotine-less e-cigs, however, did not lead to significant cytokine dysregulation and inflammasome activation. Release of inflammasome products, such as IL-1B, and cytokine storms are hallmarks of COVID-19 infection, especially in severe cases. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that smoking or vaping may critically exacerbate COVID-19-related inflammation or increase susceptibility to COVID-19.

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“…There is a widely held assertion that smoking increases the risk of most respiratory tract infections [ 121 ]. For instance, smokers are reported to be 5-times more likely to contract inﬂuenza than non-smokers [ 122 ]. Similarly, the risk of bacterial pneumonia is 3 to 5-times higher in smokers [ 122 ].…”

Section: Correlation Between Smoking and Covid-19 Incidence In Males mentioning

confidence: 99%