Tobacco smoking: A comparison between alcohol and drug abuse inpatients

Burling, Thomas A.; Ziff, Daniel C.

doi:10.1016/0306-4603(88)90010-x

Cited by 174 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies have also shown positive and negative associations of smoking with psychiatric and neurological illnesses. The rate of smoking is much higher in schizophrenics (up to 90%) (Nisell et al 1995), depressed patients (up to 65%) (Breslau 1995), and alcoholics (up to 90%) (Burling and Ziff 1988) than in the general population. In contrast, smoking is negatively correlated in some studies with the incidence of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (James and Nordberg 1995).…”

Section: Behavioral Effects Of Nicotine and Relation To Nachr Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nicotinic Receptors in the Brain Links between Molecular Biology and Behavior

Picciotto

Caldarone

King

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

318

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The physiological effects of nicotine are mediated through binding to, and activation of, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These nAChRs are pentamers made up of subunits that have distinct, but overlapping expression patterns in subsets of neurons. Molecular cloning and in situ hybridization have been used to identify the expression patterns of different nAChR subunits. Parallel pharmacological studies have characterized the various behavioral actions of nicotine in the whole animal, but it has been difficult to correlate particular subunit compositions of nAChRs with these nicotine-elicited behaviors. This review will attempt to integrate what is known about the molecular, anatomical, and pharmacological properties of nAChR subunits with behavioral data, and summarize current opinions about which nAChR subtypes are responsible for particular behaviors.

show abstract

Section: Behavioral Effects Of Nicotine and Relation To Nachr Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nicotinic Receptors in the Brain Links between Molecular Biology and Behavior

Picciotto

Caldarone

King

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

318

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fifty, 33, 47 and 69% of heroin-dependent patients are regular users of alcohol, benzodiazepines, cocaine, and marijuana, respectively (Ball and Ross, 1991). Cigarette smoking is also common, with up to 63-90% of treatmentseeking substance abusers reporting daily nicotine use (Budney et al, 1993;Burling and Ziff, 1988;Cunningham-Williams et al, 2000).…”

Section: Unrepresentative Subject Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single versus multiple drug focus in substance abuse clinical trials research

Rounsaville

Petry

Carroll

2003

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Complex patterns of multiple substance use pose clinical and methodological challenges for substance abuse clinical trials research. To increase measurement precision and internal validity, the modal approach has been to target both treatment interventions and outcome assessment to a single class of abused substance. This strategy warrants reconsideration because it entails limitations in recruitment feasibility and generalization of study findings. This report reviews pros and cons of single versus multiple targeted drugs, suggests guidelines for choosing between these strategies and outlines methods for broadening the scope of substance abuse clinical trails to take abuse of multiple substances into account. We recommend that investigators consider moving away from a single drug focus in three ways. First, include systematic assessment of a wide range of psychoactive substance use throughout the trial and evaluate the impact of study treatments on use of all classes of drugs. Second, except where contraindicated, include patients who use and abuse multiple classes of substances even in trials evaluating treatment of a single targeted drug. Third, consider inclusion of polysubstance abusers or those who primarily abuse multiple classes of substances in the same clinical trial. Although many treatment efficacy questions can best be answered by single focus studies, we recommend that such designs be adopted only after less restrictive designs are first considered.

show abstract

“…To date, most of the investigations in this domain have focused on individuals with schizophrenia, alcohol and drug dependencies, and depressive disorders (e.g., Black, Zimmerman, & Coryell, 1999;Burling & Zift, 1988;Hall et al, 1995;Merikangas et al, 1998). More recently, researchers have found a strong association between cigarette smoking and a history of panic attacks (Amering et al, 1999;Degenhardt, Hall, & Lynskey, 2001;McCabe et al, this issue;Pohl, Yeragani, Balon, Lycaki, & McBride, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%