Tobacco smoke inhalation studies in rats*1, *2, *3

Kendrick, J.; Nettesheim, Paul; Guerin, M.R.; Caton, J.E.; Dalbey, W.; Griesemer, Richard A.; Rubin, Inger; Maddox, Wayne L.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(76)90217-9

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The COHb data show that the exposures used were very high: acute toxicity is likely to occur in animals with COHb concentrations only lo-15% higher than those reported here. The COHb concentrations attained in the present study are comparable to published data on this topic (Kendrick et al, 1976;Coggins et al, 1982a;Loscutoff et al, 1982). The lack of a difference between the COHb concentrations in the test and reference groups, when there was a large difference in the amounts of smoke inhaled, probably reflects the very high affinity of hemoglobin for CO (Douglas et al,19 12).…”

Section: Fig 1 I-continuedsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…similar to that of animals in both control groups. Reference animals showed changes in each section of the respiratory tract, changes which closely resembled those reported previously in smoke-exposed rats (Coggins et al, 1980(Coggins et al, , 1982aKendrick et al, 1976;Walker et al, 1978;Wehner et al, 198 1). Most of the changes induced were reversible, within the 7-week recovery period.…”

Section: Necropsy Datasupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Occasionally, these macrophages formed aggregates within an alveolus (Fig. 12), as described previously (Kendrick et al, 1976;Coggins et al, 1980). There were no significant group differences in the histopathology seen in the trachea, or in any of the other organs examined.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

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Ninety-day inhalation study in rats, comparing smoke from cigarettes that heat tobacco with those that burn tobacco*1

Coggins

1989

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology

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Eight groups of 30 male and 30 female rats were exposed 1 hr per day, 5 days per week for 13 weeks, to smoke from reference (tobacco burned) or test (tobacco only heated) cigarettes, at nicotine concentrations of 5, 15, or 30 micrograms/liter of air. Similar smoke concentrations of wet total particulate matter and carbon monoxide were produced in each of the test/reference comparisons. There was a pronounced depression of minute ventilation of animals in the reference groups, but not in the test animals. Blood carboxyhemoglobin concentrations were similar in animals exposed to smoke from test and reference cigarettes. Plasma concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in the test groups were higher than in the reference groups. There were no differences between the smoke-exposed groups in terms of body weight or feed consumption. At necropsy, an increase in heart weight was noted in both high exposure groups. There were notable differences in histopathology, with fewer and less-pronounced changes in the test groups than in the reference groups. Many of the histopathological responses induced in the reference groups were absent in the test groups. Overall, the study demonstrated a substantial reduction in the biological activity of smoke from the test cigarette when compared with the reference.

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Section: Fig 1 I-continuedsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Necropsy Datasupporting

confidence: 84%

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Ninety-day inhalation study in rats, comparing smoke from cigarettes that heat tobacco with those that burn tobacco*1

Coggins

1989

Fundamental and Applied Toxicology

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“…Acclimatization period was applied as suggested in the literature and none of the rats died because of nicotine poisoning. [12][13][14] Acclimatization period did not count as smoking days and smoke exposure was withheld the day of surgery. About 30-mL puffs per cigarette, with 8 cigarette exposures used 8 hours per day.…”

Section: Smoking Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Negative Effects of Smoking on Microarterial Anastomosis

Tosun

Karabekmez²,

Duymaz³

et al. 2010

Annals of Plastic Surgery

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Although microsurgery has rapid expanded, problems related to microarterial anastomosis continue. Cigarette smoking is one of the major risks for anastomosis by increasing platelet adhesion, and its effects on endothelial cells. Aim of this article is to study the negative effects of cigarettes on microarterial anastomosis line, and to investigate the protective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO).Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1 was the control. Rats in groups 2 and 3 were exposed to cigarette smoke starting 21 days prior to surgery for 3 times a day. In group 3, additional 150 IU/kg rHuEPO was given via subcutaneously every 48 hours after microvascular anastomosis, femoral arterial samples, and blood samples were taken for assessment at 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day. Intimae/media ratios were calculated for morphologic analyses.On morphologic analysis of femoral arteries there were statistically significant differences for all 3 groups at 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days (P < 0, 05). The group that made differences was group 2, according to one-way analysis of variance within 3 groups in all days.Smoking decreases endothelial cells healing and causes more thromboses. rHuEPO can prevent these negative effects of smoking.

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“…These animals have also been shown to be highly susceptible to the acute toxic effects of tobacco smoke, with high mortality level in chronic smoke inhalation studies [36]. However, Sprague-Dawley rats can tolerate a dose of smoke equivalent to the total daily consumption of a human smoker during a 20-min smoking session [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%