Tobacco smoke as a risk factor for meningococcal disease

Fischer, Marc; Hedberg, Katrina; Cardosi, Paul; Plikaytis, Brian D.; Hoesly, Frederick C.; Steingart, Karen R; Bell, Thomas A.; Fleming, David W.; Wenger, Jay D.; Perkins, Bradley A.

doi:10.1097/00006454-199710000-00015

Cited by 194 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A number of studies have shown associations between meningococcal disease and either smoking (FISCHER et al, 1997;COOKSON et al, 1998) or passive exposure to tobacco smoke (HANEBERG et al, 1983;STANWELL-SMITH et al. 1994: FISCHER et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors for meningococcal disease in industrialized countries include overcrowding (STANWELL-SMITH et al, 1994), passive exposure to tobacco smoke (HANEBERG et al, 1983;STANWELL-SMITH et al, 1994;FISCHER et al, 1997), kisses on the mouth (STANWELL-SMITH et al, 1994), preceding respiratory infections (CARTWRIGHT et al. 199 1: HARRISON et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for meningococcal meningitis in northern Ghana

Hodgson

Smith

Gagneux

et al. 2001

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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Meningococcal meningitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the meningitis belt of subSaharan Africa where it occurs in epidemics every 8-12 years. Risk factors for the disease in this setting remain largely unknown. We carried out a case-control study to investigate possible risk factors among survivors of a meningitis epidemic occurring in 1997 in northern Ghana. A structured questionnaire on socio-economic factors, housing and household overcrowding, smoking and exposure to smoke and close contact with a case was administered to 505 of the survivors and 505 of age-, sex-and location-matched controls. Cooking in kitchens with firewood stoves (OR 9.00, CI 1.25-395) and sharing a bedroom with a case (OR 2.18 CI 1.43-3.4) were found to be risk factors for disease. Socio-economic factors, overcrowding, smoking and passive exposure to tobacco smoke were not found to be risk factors. Exposure to smoke from cooking fires or close contact with a case puts people at risk of contracting meningococcal meningitis. In the hot dry months, exposure to smoke from cooking fires should be minimized by encouraging alternatives to cooking over wood fires, or cooking outside. If wood-burning stoves cannot be avoided, kitchens should be made larger with improved ventilation. Meningitis cases should be nursed in well-ventilated rooms and the number of people sharing a room with a case kept at a minimum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for meningococcal meningitis in northern Ghana

Hodgson

Smith

Gagneux

et al. 2001

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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“…The role of individual susceptibility and the presence of risk factors for the disease have been also widely studied. The presence of some immunodeficiencies [7,11,[19][20][21], special determinants in the host [22], tobacco consumption [23,24] and coinfections with another respiratory diseases [25][26][27][28], among others factors, have been associated to the meningococcal disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Epidemiological Differences Among Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine Failures and Non-Vaccinated Cases

Garrido‐Estepa¹

2016

VRV

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“…Smoking has also been associated with an increased risk for both respiratory (6,7) and nonrespiratory (8) infections in the general population. Active smoking has been reported in up to 14.2% of individuals undergoing hemodialysis (9), a population that experiences an excessively high mortality rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Smoking with Cardiovascular and Infection-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis

Causland

Brunelli

Waikar

2012

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryBackground and objectives Smoking is common in the hemodialysis population and is associated with increased all-cause mortality and development of cardiovascular disease. Cause-specific outcomes have not yet been examined in detail. This study investigated the association of baseline smoking status with all-cause, cardiovascular, and infection-related morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.Design, setting, participants, & measurements Post hoc analysis of the HEMO Study in patients with available comorbidity, clinical, and nutritional data. Cox proportional hazards regression models were fit to estimate the association of smoking status with mortality. Poisson and negative binomial regression models were fit to estimate the association of smoking status with hospitalization rate.Results Complete data were available for 1842 individuals (44% male, 63% black, 45% diabetic). Mean age was 58614 years. At baseline, 17% were current smokers and 32% were former smokers. After case-mix adjustment, compared with never smoking, current smoking was associated with greater infection-related mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32-3.10) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.16-1.79) and greater cardiovascular (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.22-1.82), infection-related (IRR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11-1.64) and all-cause (IRR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.24-1.65) hospitalization rates. The population attributable fraction (i.e., fraction of observed deaths that may have been avoided) was 5.3% for current smokers versus never-smokers and 2.1% for current versus former smokers.Conclusions Active smoking is prevalent in the chronic hemodialysis population and is associated with greater all-cause, cardiovascular, and infection-related morbidity and mortality.

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Tobacco smoke as a risk factor for meningococcal disease

Abstract: Tobacco smoke exposure independently increases the risk of developing meningococcal disease.

Cited by 194 publications

References 23 publications

Risk factors for meningococcal meningitis in northern Ghana

Risk factors for meningococcal meningitis in northern Ghana

Clinical and Epidemiological Differences Among Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine Failures and Non-Vaccinated Cases

Association of Smoking with Cardiovascular and Infection-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis

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