Tobacco on the web: surveillance and characterisation of online tobacco and e-cigarette advertising

Richardson, Amanda; Ganz, Ollie; Vallone, Donna

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051246

Cited by 174 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…For example, snus advertisements in the United States rarely feature harm reduction or smoking cessation. 20 Additionally, while a study in Sweden found that snus use is not associated with smoking initiation, 21 our previous research showed that snus use predicted subsequent combustible cigarette smoking in a cohort of US Midwest young adult nonsmokers. 22 Snus sold in the United States also seems to be different from that in Sweden.…”

Section: Trends In Awareness Use Of and Beliefs About Electronic CImentioning

confidence: 91%

“…36 E-cigarette advertisements also often feature messages related to harm reduction and/or smoking cessation. 4,20 In contrast, after spending US $62 million in 2010 to advertise snus in US magazines, tobacco companies spent only US $2-5 million per year between 2011 and 2014 to promote snus in magazines. 36 Additionally, in the United States, it was uncommon for snus advertisements to feature messages related to harm reduction and/or smoking cessation, but to feature flavors and price promotions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Trends in Awareness, Use of, and Beliefs About Electronic Cigarette and Snus Among a Longitudinal Cohort of US Midwest Young Adults

Choi

Bestrashniy

Forster

2017

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Few longitudinal studies have examined how awareness, use of, and beliefs about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and snus change over time. We assessed these trends in a cohort of young adults from the US Midwest. Methods: Data were from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort (MACC) Study, collected annually during 2010-2013 when participants were 21-29 years old (n = 2622). Participants were asked if they had heard of and ever used e-cigarettes and snus, and the number of days they used these products in the past 30 days. Beliefs about whether these products are less harmful than cigarettes, less addictive than cigarettes, and could help people quit smoking were assessed. Repeated measures multiple linear and logistic regression models, adjusting for demographics, peer smoking and smoking status, were used to assess trends. Results: Compared to 2010Compared to -2011Compared to , participants in 2012Compared to -2013 were five times more likely to be aware of e-cigarettes, report ever used them, and report using them in the past 30-days. Increases in e-cigarette use were observed in all smoking status. Participants were also increasingly likely to believe that e-cigarettes are less harmful than combustible cigarettes and could help people quit smoking. There was only a modest increase in awareness of and ever using snus, as well as believing snus is less harmful than combustible cigarettes. These trends did not differ by smoking status. Conclusions: The increasingly favorable beliefs about e-cigarettes may explain the increasing prevalence of their use particularly among young adults, both among smokers and nonsmokers. Implications: Awareness and use of e-cigarettes have increased substantially over the past few years, and positive beliefs of e-cigarettes have also become more prevalent among young adults. Meanwhile, little changes in awareness, use of, and beliefs about snus among young adults. Given the potential of these products to have both positive and negative impact on public health depending on who use them and how they are used, strategically communicating the risks associated with e-cigarettes and snus use may help minimize the burden of tobacco use at the population level.

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Section: Trends In Awareness Use Of and Beliefs About Electronic CImentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Awareness, Use of, and Beliefs About Electronic Cigarette and Snus Among a Longitudinal Cohort of US Midwest Young Adults

Choi

Bestrashniy

Forster

2017

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…12 Furthermore, aggressive marketing campaigns for e-cigarettes are being conducted on prime-time television, on the Internet, at shopping malls, and at other venues readily accessible to adolescents. [13][14][15][16] Such considerations have led to concerns that e-cigarettes may lead to a renormalization of cigarette smoking, with this being a particular concern for younger populations, who show a high degree of awareness of e-cigarettes. 2,17 However, at present there is little empirical evidence on this issue.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Exclusive E-Cigarette Use and Dual E-Cigarette Use and Tobacco Use in Adolescents

et al. 2015

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To describe electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and cigarette use among adolescents and determine whether established risk factors for smoking discriminate user categories.METHODS: School-based survey of 1941 high school students (mean age 14.6 years) in Hawaii; data collected in 2013. The survey assessed e-cigarette use and cigarette use, alcohol and marijuana use, and psychosocial risk and protective variables (eg, parental support, academic involvement, smoking expectancies, peer smoking, sensation seeking). Analysis of variance and multinomial regression examined variation in risk and protective variables across the following categories of ever-use: e-cigarette only, cigarette only, dual use (use of both products), and nonuser (never used either product).RESULTS: Prevalence for the categories was 17% (e-cigarettes only), 12% (dual use), 3% (cigarettes only), and 68% (nonusers). Dual users and cigarette-only users were highest on risk status (elevated on risk factors and lower on protective factors) compared with other groups. E-cigarette only users were higher on risk status than nonusers but lower than dual users. E-cigarette only users and dual users more often perceived e-cigarettes as healthier than cigarettes compared with nonusers.CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a US adolescent sample with one of the largest prevalence rates of e-cigarette only use in the existing literature. Dual use also had a substantial prevalence. The fact that e-cigarette only users were intermediate in risk status between nonusers and dual users raises the possibility that e-cigarettes are recruiting medium-risk adolescents, who otherwise would be less susceptible to tobacco product use. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:There is a debate about whether e-cigarettes will benefit public health. However, there is little knowledge about how e-cigarette users and dual users (those using both e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes) differ from other adolescents on a range of variables. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Teenagers who only used e-cigarettes were intermediate in levels of risk and protective factors between nonusers and those who used both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. This raises a question about whether e-cigarettes recruit low-risk youth to tobacco product use.

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“…Beliefs regarding e-cigarettes only emitting harmless water vapor led to the unrestricted usage of this device in public places (28)(29)(30). This erroneous belief may be due to the fact that e-cigarettes have been marketed with the emphasis that they do not release harmful smoke like conventional cigarettes do (2,31,32).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic cigarettes and indoor air quality: a review of studies using human volunteers

Abidin

Zulkifli

et al. 2017

Reviews on Environmental Health

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AbstractObjective:This paper is primarily aimed to review articles on electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) focusing on indoor air quality (IAQ) assessment that were conducted using human volunteers under natural settings that mimic actual vaping scenarios. Such studies may give a better representation of the actual potential exposure towards e-cigarettes emissions in indoor settings.Methods:A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed search engine database. Search terms such as “electronic cigarette”, “e-cigarette”, “electronic nicotine delivery system”, and “indoor air quality” were used to identify the relevant articles to be included in this review. Articles that involved human volunteers who were asked to vape in natural settings or settings that mimic the actual vaping scenario were chosen to be reviewed. The search yielded a total of 15 published articles. Eleven articles were excluded due to 1) unavailability of its full-text (n=1), 2) did not involve human volunteers (n=5) and 3) did not involve an IAQ study (n=5). Four articles were critically reviewed in this paper.Results:From the four selected articles, two of the papers focused on the determination of nicotine level released by e-cigarettes whereas the other two covered IAQ parameters namely; particulate matters (PM), propylene glycols, formaldehyde, metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Only two of the studies involved determination of biomarkers of exposure. The level of chemical contents released varied between studies. The differences in the brands of e-cigarette used, number of vapers recruited and the sensitivity of the methodologies employed in these studies may be the possible causes for such differences. However, studies using human volunteers conducted in a natural setting are more relevant to portray the actual exposure to vapors among e-cigarettes users and non-users compared to studies using a smoking machine/an exposure chamber. This is because such studies take into account the behavior of consumers and individual retention of nicotine. Such method will therefore avoid the possibility of overestimation in terms of exposures toward e-cigarettes users and non-users.Conclusion:There are limited e-cigarette studies on the impact of IAQ performed using human volunteers in natural settings. The available studies however, provided inconsistent scientific evidence on the actual exposure towards the vapor contents as unstandardized methodology were used in conducting such research. Therefore, there is a need to conduct IAQ studies in natural settings by using a standardized protocol in terms of the number of vapers recruited, the size of the indoor settings, the methods used in detecting and quantifying the contents and levels of emissions and the sensitivity of the equipment used in analyzing the contents. This will help in better utilization of the findings from such studies for the use of risk assessment of the exposures towards e-cigarette emissions. There is also a need to emphasize that it is the onus of the manufacturers in providing and proving scientifically sound safety claims for their products prior to commercializing it in the market.

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Tobacco on the web: surveillance and characterisation of online tobacco and e-cigarette advertising

Cited by 174 publications

References 30 publications

Trends in Awareness, Use of, and Beliefs About Electronic Cigarette and Snus Among a Longitudinal Cohort of US Midwest Young Adults

Trends in Awareness, Use of, and Beliefs About Electronic Cigarette and Snus Among a Longitudinal Cohort of US Midwest Young Adults

Risk Factors for Exclusive E-Cigarette Use and Dual E-Cigarette Use and Tobacco Use in Adolescents

Electronic cigarettes and indoor air quality: a review of studies using human volunteers

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