Tobacco Industry Marketing at Point of Purchase After the 1998 MSA Billboard Advertising Ban

Wakefield, Melanie; Terry‐McElrath, Yvonne M.; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Barker, Dianne C.; Slater, Sandy J.; Clark, Pamela I.; Giovino, Gary A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.92.6.937

Cited by 95 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The type of outlet was recorded, as well as availability of e-cigarettes; brands available (using checklist); price of product (before tax), by type (disposable vs. kits) and brand (if more than one brand available, then recorded price for top brand); promotions (i.e., buy one get one free); and presence of interior and exterior advertising (Feighery, Schleicher, Boley Cruz, & Unger, 2008;Henriksen et al, 2008;Wakefield et al, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We adapted sampling methodologies used in measuring outlet density around college campuses (Scribner et al, 2008), as well as retail tobacco assessments (Henriksen et al, 2008;Wakefield et al, 2002). Using GIS software (ESRI, 2012), retailers were geocoded, and 1-, 2-, and 5-mile radii were drawn around campus perimeters.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E-cigarette advertising among retailers appears to be following the traditional tobacco patterns (Rogers, Biener, & Clark, 2010;Wakefield et al, 2002). More interior ads were found compared with exterior ones, taking advantage of the prime advertising space near checkout counters, where impulse buying occurs (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).…”

Section: Pricementioning

confidence: 99%

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E-cigarette Availability and Promotion Among Retail Outlets Near College Campuses in Two Southeastern States

Wagoner¹,

Song²,

Egan³

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pricementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

E-cigarette Availability and Promotion Among Retail Outlets Near College Campuses in Two Southeastern States

Wagoner¹,

Song²,

Egan³

et al. 2014

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…In the United Kingdom, most forms of tobacco advertising and promotion are now prohibited under the terms of the 2002 Tobacco Advertising and Promotion Act 5 and, as a result, the tobacco industry has increased the use of forms of advertising and promotion not covered by the Act. These include point‐of‐sale (PoS) displays and the tobacco pack itself, both of which promote tobacco brands to existing and new customers 6, 7. Exposure of existing smokers to tobacco products in PoS displays increases the likelihood of purchasing 8, makes quitting more difficult by urging recent quitters to smoke 9, and although there is less evidence of effects on potential new smokers, cross‐sectional data suggest that adolescents who recall PoS exposure are more likely to be smokers or to be susceptible to smoking uptake 10, 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to point‐of‐sale displays and changes in susceptibility to smoking: findings from a cohort study of school students

et al. 2015

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AimsTo investigate the association between frequency of visiting shops and noticing of tobacco point‐of‐sale (PoS) displays and the development of susceptibility to smoking, or smoking uptake, in secondary school students.DesignTwo surveys of a school based cohort study carried out in 2011 and 2012.SettingsNottinghamshire, UK.ParticipantsA total of 2270 children aged 11–16 years from eight schools in Nottinghamshire.MeasurementsWe investigated changes in susceptibility to smoking and smoking status in relation to frequency of visiting shops and noticing PoS displays and number of tobacco brands recognized, controlling for a range of potential confounders. Susceptibility to smoking was defined using a set of three questions covering intentions to try smoking, to smoke within the next year and likelihood of smoking if a best friend offered a cigarette. For the analysis we used multinomial logistic regression.FindingsAmong non‐susceptible never smokers, noticing PoS displays more frequently was associated independently with an increased risk of becoming susceptible to smoking [adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.74; 99% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–2.69], but was not associated with smoking uptake. Recognizing a higher number of brands among non‐susceptible never smokers doubled the risk of becoming susceptible to smoking and of becoming a smoker, but this did not have a significant effect on transition to smoking among susceptible never smokers. Frequency of noticing tobacco PoS displays was not associated significantly with smoking uptake among those who were susceptible never smokers at baseline.ConclusionsNoticing tobacco point‐of‐sale displays more often and recognizing a higher number of tobacco brands is associated with an increased risk of becoming susceptible to smoking among adolescents in the United Kingdom, and recognizing a higher number of brands is associated positively with an increased risk of smoking uptake.

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“…For example, following the 1971 US broadcast ad ban cigarette marketing expenditures increased and were redirected into the print, billboards, and promotions. Evidence suggests that the same thing has occurred following the MSA agreement in 1998, with advertising revenue shifted from billboards and magazines to point-of-sale and retail marketing incentives (King and Siegel, 2001;Wakefield et al, 2002).…”

Section: Restrictions On Tobacco Product Marketingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programs and policies to discourage the use of tobacco products

Cummings

2002

Oncogene

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Tobacco Industry Marketing at Point of Purchase After the 1998 MSA Billboard Advertising Ban

Cited by 95 publications

References 13 publications

E-cigarette Availability and Promotion Among Retail Outlets Near College Campuses in Two Southeastern States

E-cigarette Availability and Promotion Among Retail Outlets Near College Campuses in Two Southeastern States

Exposure to point‐of‐sale displays and changes in susceptibility to smoking: findings from a cohort study of school students

Programs and policies to discourage the use of tobacco products

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