Tobacco Control Laws of South Asian Countries: A Quantitative-Comparative Analysis of   Compliance with FCTC and their Effects on Smoking Prevalence

Shahzad, Muhammad; Shah, Anwar; Chaloupka, Frank J.

doi:10.22547/ber/12.4.5

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The association between FCTC articles’ implementation and reduced prevalence of tobacco consumption is already reported in literature [ 66 ]. However, the current review found only two FCTC articles (8 & 12) addressed in both empirical and non-empirical records at a satisfactory level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The need for coordination between clinical and public policy levels has been highlighted in previous literature from south Asian countries [ 64 , 65 ]. Similarly, a secondary analysis of existing data has shown different countries in South Asia as focusing more on the implementation of specific anti-tobacco policies while lagging in the implementation of others [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This delineates the lack of following the Sustainable Development Goal 3A (SDG-3A): which reinforces the implementation of FCTC articles globally [ 65 ]. As South Asian countries are the second-highest tobacco products suppliers in the world [ 66 ], a priority focus on articles 15 and 17 is immensely important in SAR. However, this review found that these two FCTC articles are not addressed in any of the included empirical studies in this review.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the current review found only two FCTC articles (8 & 12) addressed in both empirical and non-empirical records at a satisfactory level. Hence, the current review identifies a limited range of anti-smoking initiatives in SAR which is the reason for the majority (84%) of the world’s smokers residing in developing countries and is predicted to grow to 88% in 2025 [ 66 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking cessation interventions in South Asian Region: a systematic scoping review

et al. 2022

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Background Cigarette smoking is one of the most preventable causes of morbidities and mortalities. Since 2005, the World Health Organization Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) provides an efficient strategic plan for tobacco control across the world. Many countries in the world have successfully reduced the prevalence of cigarette smoking. However, in developing countries, the prevalence of cigarette smoking is mounting which signifies a need of prompt attention. This scoping review aims to explore the extent and nature of Smoking Cessation (SmC) interventions and associated factors in South Asian Region (SAR) by systematically reviewing available recently published and unpublished literature. Methods The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework frames the conduct of this scoping review. PubMed, EBSCO CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, and local websites as well as other sources of grey literature were searched for relevant literature. In total, 573 literature sources were screened. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram, finally, 48 data sources were included for data extraction and analysis. We analyzed the extracted SmC interventions through the FCTC. Factors that affect smoking cessation interventions will be extracted through manual content analysis. Results Regarding FCTC recommended smoking cessation strategies (articles), most of the articles were either neglected or addressed in a discordant way by various anti-smoking groups in SAR. Key barriers that hamper the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions included lack of awareness, poor implementation of anti-smoking laws, and socio-cultural acceptance of tobacco use. Conversely, increased levels of awareness, through different mediums, related to smoking harms and benefits of quitting, effective implementation of anti-smoking laws, smoking cessation trained healthcare professionals, support systems, and reluctance in the community to cigarette smoking were identified as facilitators to smoking cessation interventions. Conclusion The ignored or uncoordinated FCTC’s directions on smoking cessation strategies have resulted in continued increasing prevalence of cigarette smoking in developing countries, especially SAR. The findings of this review highlight the need for refocusing the smoking cessation strategies in SAR. Strengths The review was conducted by a team of expert comprising information specialists, and senior professors bringing rich experience in systematic and scoping reviews. Every effort was made to include all available literature sources addressing cigarette SmC and associated factors in SAR. The review findings signal the need and direction for more SmC efforts in SAR which may contribute to development of effective policies and guidelines for the control of smoking prevalence. Limitations Despite efforts, potentially relevant records may have been missed due to unpublished or inaccessible articles, unintended selection bias, or those published in local languages, etc. Moreover, the exclusion of literature on under 18 participants and mentally ill smokers may limit the generalizability of findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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