Tobacco and electronic cigarette cues for smoking and vaping: an online experimental study

Blackwell, Anna; De-loyde, Katie; Brocklebank, Laura; Maynard, Olivia; Marteau, Theresa; Hollands, Gareth J; Fletcher, Paul C.; Attwood, Angela; Morris, Richard; Munafò, Marcus R.

doi:10.21203/rs.2.16882/v1

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A previous field trial of a different intervention (glass shape) in 24 venues with a similar design to the current study found a mean difference of -35 litres in the volume of draught alcoholic beer sold between intervention and control periods (A-B) (21). The standard deviation (SD) of this mean difference was 141 litres.…”

Section: Sample Size Calculationsupporting

confidence: 61%

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The Impact of Introducing Alcohol-Free Beer Options in Bars and Public Houses on Alcohol Sales and Revenue: A Randomised Crossover Field Trial

De-loyde,

Ferrar,

Pilling

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Aims. The study aimed to estimate the impact of introducing a draught alcohol-free beer, thereby increasing the relative availability of these products, on alcohol sales and monetary takings in bars and pubs in England.Design. Randomised crossover field trial.Participants. Fourteen venues that did not previously sell draught alcohol-free beer.Intervention. Venues completed two intervention periods and two control periods in a randomised order over 8 weeks. Intervention periods involved replacing one draught alcoholic beer with an alcohol-free beer. Control periods operated business as usual.Measurements: The primary outcome was mean weekly volume (in litres) of draught alcoholic beer sold. The secondary outcome was mean weekly revenue (in GBP [£]) from all drinks. Analyses adjusted for randomised order; special events; season; and busyness.Findings. The adjusted mean difference in weekly sales of draught alcoholic beer was -20 litres (95% CI -41 to +0.4), equivalent to a 4% reduction (95% CI 8% reduction to 0.1% increase) in the volume of alcoholic draught beer sold when draught alcohol-free beer was available. Excluding venues that failed at least one fidelity check resulted in an adjusted mean difference of -29 litres per week (95% CI -53 to -5), equivalent to a 5% reduction (95% CI 8% reduction to 0.8% reduction). The adjusted mean difference in weekly revenue was +61 GBP per week (95% CI -328 to +450), equivalent to a 1% increase (95% CI 5% decrease to 7% increase) when draught alcohol-free beer was available.Conclusions. Introducing a draught alcohol-free beer in bars and pubs may reduce the volume of draught alcoholic beer sold without substantially impacting net revenue. While further research would help to refine the precision of these estimates, the reduction in sales of alcoholic beer of 4 to 5% could have a positive impact on public health at a population level.

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Section: Sample Size Calculationsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Venues were contacted either by directly contacting owners and managers of bars and public houses that had taken part in at least one of our previous field studies (21,22), or from a list of bars and public houses collected on Google Maps. Venues were contacted via phone and email.…”

Section: Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%