To what extent is fennel crop dependent on insect pollination?

Schurr, Lucie; Masotti, Véronique; Geslin, Benoît; Gachet, Sophie; Mahe, Prisca; Jeannerod, Léna; Affre, Laurence

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2022.108047

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Moreover, the same phytohormones increase pulp firmness, thus increasing the post-harvest quality of fruits 21 , 31 . The observed marginal increase of some micronutrients, particularly some polyphenols, may be linked to hormonal processes 32 or to defensive responses against overexploitation of flowers by insects 33 . The effects on organoleptic traits were equally strong in fruits and vegetables, including many high-value crops such as apple, strawberry, pepper, and tomato.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global meta-analysis shows reduced quality of food crops under inadequate animal pollination

Gazzea,

Batáry,

Marini

2023

Nat Commun

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Animal pollination supports the production of a wide range of food crops fundamental to maintaining diverse and nutritionally balanced diets. Here, we present a global meta-analysis quantifying the contribution of pollination to multiple facets of crop quality, including both organoleptic and nutritional traits. In fruits and vegetables, pollinators strongly improve several commercially important attributes related to appearance and shelf life, whereas they have smaller effects on nutritional value. Pollination does not increase quality in stimulant crops, nuts, and spices. We report weak signals of a pollination deficit for organoleptic traits, which might indicate a potential service decline across agricultural landscapes. However, the deficit is small and non-significant at the α = 0.05 level, suggesting that pollen deposition from wild and/or managed pollinators is sufficient to maximise quality in most cases. As producing commercially suboptimal fruits can have multiple negative economic and environmental consequences, safeguarding pollination services is important to maintain food security.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global meta-analysis shows reduced quality of food crops under inadequate animal pollination

Gazzea,

Batáry,

Marini

2023

Nat Commun

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“…In contrast, in lavender, flower handling is more complicated because of the narrow morphology of the flower (Balfour et al, 2013). This was reflected by the diversity of pollinators observed on fennel flowers suggesting that fennel flower traits do not constrain insect visits (Schurr et al, 2022; Smith‐Ramírez et al, 2005; Thompson, 2001). On the other hand, we only observed few species of flower‐visiting insects foraging on lavender (Schurr, unpubl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For both crops, we considered active inflorescences as those having at least 50% of flowers opened without any browning indicating flower senescence (Guitton et al, 2010). In addition, for fennel, we selected umbels with completely yellow flowers and only peripheral flowers withered (Schurr et al, 2021, 2022). For lavender, we selected inflorescences in the middle of the plant (approximately between 30 and 50 cm from the ground, depending on the age of the plant), whereas for fennel, we selected inflorescences in secondary branches at a standard height (approximately 1.6 ± 0.2 m from the ground) and with an average width of 10 cm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimates of nectar productivity through a simulation approach differ from the nectar produced in 24 h

Carisio

Schurr²,

Masotti³

et al. 2022

Functional Ecology

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Nectar is a key resource for numerous insects. Despite its importance, nectar productivity has mainly been assessed using one sampling method, in which the volume of nectar produced by a flower is measured after 24 h of isolation from insects (‘measured 24 h volume’ hereafter). This method assumes that nectar removal by flower‐visiting insects does not affect nectar productivity. Hence, a linearity in the nectar production dynamic is assumed. The effect of nectar removal could lead to an actual volume of nectar produced per flower over 24 h being higher or lower than the measured 24 h volume. Whether the nectar productivity is influenced by insect activity still therefore needs to be assessed. In a field experiment, we estimated the nectar production dynamics of lavender (Lavandula hybrida) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) flowers and tested whether they met the linearity assumption. Then, we developed a simulation model to identify how different scenarios of insect foraging activity: nectar removal rate (average and maximum), and flower‐selection strategies (random selection or rewarding flower selection) alter the estimated 24 h volume of nectar for both crops (‘estimated 24 h volume’ hereafter). Finally, we tested whether the estimated 24 h volume differed from the measured 24 h volume for both crops. Lavender and fennel showed equal measured 24 h volume of nectar but the produced nectar volume over 6 h suggested that a flower of lavender was more productive than a flower of fennel. Both nectar production dynamics did not meet the assumption of linearity. The simulation models showed that the estimated 24 h volume increased with maximum nectar removal rate for lavender, and the opposite was found for fennel. Rewarding selection always increased the estimated 24 h volume for fennel while for lavender a positive effect was detected at average rate of nectar removal. We found that the estimated 24 h volume was always greater than the measured 24 h volume. Our model demonstrated that the effect of insect foraging activity on flower's nectar productivity should be considered while estimating the resources produced by plants. As an alternative, measures of produced nectar volume in short time spans may be compared with the measured 24 h volume to check the reliability of this widespread method. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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“…Anisole and its derivatives (e.g. pvinyl-anisole, p-ethyl-anisole, and p-ethylene-anisole) were detected in the rainforest canopy using PTR-MS [16].…”

Section: Identification Of Gc-ms Volatile Compounds Based On Time Of ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Volatile Compounds of Oil Palm Flower (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq.) with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Based on the Difference in Time

Lubis,

Sudarjat,

Bari

et al. 2023

Indones. J. Chem.

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The pollination process in oil palm is assisted by the insect Elaeidobius kamerunicus, which occurs when male and female flowers bloom producing volatile compounds that act as attractants. This study aims to identify volatile compounds in oil palm flowers based on differences in times with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The research steps include determining the time of the release of volatile compounds in oil palm flowers, extracted using steam distillation, and identification by GC-MS. There are different times of the release of volatile compounds for each type of oil palm flower. Three times by male flowers, at 08:00 am, 11:00 am and 14:00 pm, with the highest volatile compounds at 14:00 pm. Meanwhile, female flowers occurred at 09:00 am, 12:00 am and 15:00 pm, with the highest volatile compounds at 12:00 am. The results of the GC-MS analysis showed that 21 and 19 volatile compounds were identified, with a total of 38 different types. Estragole compounds were dominant in both types of flowers and did not show significant differences in the area sum values at each time of observation. These results indicated the importance of estragole compound for the pollination process in oil palm.

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To what extent is fennel crop dependent on insect pollination?

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Global meta-analysis shows reduced quality of food crops under inadequate animal pollination

Global meta-analysis shows reduced quality of food crops under inadequate animal pollination

Estimates of nectar productivity through a simulation approach differ from the nectar produced in 24 h

Identification of Volatile Compounds of Oil Palm Flower (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i> Jacq.) with Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Based on the Difference in Time

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