To what extent does salt (NaCl) affect Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquito larvae survival?

Lukwa, N.; Mduluza, Takafira; Nyoni, Chamunogwa; Zimba, Moses

doi:10.4081/jear.2017.6594

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In semi-field trials employing lab-reared mosquitoes and methods informed by WHO guidelines [ 22 ], SRs significantly affected mosquito entries, exits, and feeding behaviour in the testing area by reducing mosquito presence and landing rate [ 31 , 35 ]. Field experiments exploiting wild mosquito populations have also found that SRs can greatly impact the degree of mosquito repellence, landing number, and biting behaviour (protection > 70%) [ 26 , 32 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Kill or to Repel Mosquitoes? Exploring Two Strategies for Protecting Humans and Reducing Vector-Borne Disease Risks by Using Pyrethroids as Spatial Repellents

Moreno-Gómez¹,

Miranda

Bueno-Marí

2021

Pathogens

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Although control efforts are improving, vector-borne diseases remain a global public health challenge. There is a need to shift vector control paradigms while developing new products and programmes. The importance of modifying vector behaviour has been recognised for decades but has received limited attention from the public health community. This study aims to: (1) explore how the use of spatial repellents at sublethal doses could promote public health worldwide; (2) propose new methods for evaluating insecticides for use by the general public; and (3) identify key issues to address before spatial repellents can be adopted as complementary vector control tools. Two field experiments were performed to assess the effects of an insecticidal compound, the pyrethroid transfluthrin, on Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. The first examined levels of human protection, and the second looked at mosquito knockdown and mortality. For the same transfluthrin dose and application method, the percent protection remained high (>80%) at 5 h even though mosquito mortality had declined to zero at 1 h. This result underscores that it matters which evaluation parameters are chosen. If the overarching goal is to decrease health risks, sublethal doses could be useful as they protect human hosts even when mosquito mortality is null.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Kill or to Repel Mosquitoes? Exploring Two Strategies for Protecting Humans and Reducing Vector-Borne Disease Risks by Using Pyrethroids as Spatial Repellents

Moreno-Gómez¹,

Miranda

Bueno-Marí

2021

Pathogens

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“…gambiae usually breeds in freshwater [ 33 ]. Larval mortality increases with NaCl concentration [ 66 ] Marine waters are not favourable to An. gambiae .…”

Section: Hazard–a/larval Habitat Suitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-scale mapping of urban malaria exposure under data scarcity: an approach centred on vector ecology

Vanhuysse

Diédhiou

Grippa

et al. 2023

Malar J

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Background Although malaria transmission has experienced an overall decline in sub-Saharan Africa, urban malaria is now considered an emerging health issue due to rapid and uncontrolled urbanization and the adaptation of vectors to urban environments. Fine-scale hazard and exposure maps are required to support evidence-based policies and targeted interventions, but data-driven predictive spatial modelling is hindered by gaps in epidemiological and entomological data. A knowledge-based geospatial framework is proposed for mapping the heterogeneity of urban malaria hazard and exposure under data scarcity. It builds on proven geospatial methods, implements open-source algorithms, and relies heavily on vector ecology knowledge and the involvement of local experts. Methods A workflow for producing fine-scale maps was systematized, and most processing steps were automated. The method was evaluated through its application to the metropolitan area of Dakar, Senegal, where urban transmission has long been confirmed. Urban malaria exposure was defined as the contact risk between adult Anopheles vectors (the hazard) and urban population and accounted for socioeconomic vulnerability by including the dimension of urban deprivation that is reflected in the morphology of the built-up fabric. Larval habitat suitability was mapped through a deductive geospatial approach involving the participation of experts with a strong background in vector ecology and validated with existing geolocated entomological data. Adult vector habitat suitability was derived through a similar process, based on dispersal from suitable breeding site locations. The resulting hazard map was combined with a population density map to generate a gridded urban malaria exposure map at a spatial resolution of 100 m. Results The identification of key criteria influencing vector habitat suitability, their translation into geospatial layers, and the assessment of their relative importance are major outcomes of the study that can serve as a basis for replication in other sub-Saharan African cities. Quantitative validation of the larval habitat suitability map demonstrates the reliable performance of the deductive approach, and the added value of including local vector ecology experts in the process. The patterns displayed in the hazard and exposure maps reflect the high degree of heterogeneity that exists throughout the city of Dakar and its suburbs, due not only to the influence of environmental factors, but also to urban deprivation. Conclusions This study is an effort to bring geospatial research output closer to effective support tools for local stakeholders and decision makers. Its major contributions are the identification of a broad set of criteria related to vector ecology and the systematization of the workflow for producing fine-scale maps. In a context of epidemiological and entomological data scarcity, vector ecology knowledge is key for mapping urban malaria exposure. An application of the framework to Dakar showed its potential in this regard. Fine-grained heterogeneity was revealed by the output maps, and besides the influence of environmental factors, the strong links between urban malaria and deprivation were also highlighted.

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To what extent does salt (NaCl) affect Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquito larvae survival?

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

To Kill or to Repel Mosquitoes? Exploring Two Strategies for Protecting Humans and Reducing Vector-Borne Disease Risks by Using Pyrethroids as Spatial Repellents

To Kill or to Repel Mosquitoes? Exploring Two Strategies for Protecting Humans and Reducing Vector-Borne Disease Risks by Using Pyrethroids as Spatial Repellents

Fine-scale mapping of urban malaria exposure under data scarcity: an approach centred on vector ecology

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