To the farm, Mars, and beyond: Technologies for growing food in space, the future of long-duration space missions, and earth implications in English news media coverage

Abstract

The climate crisis, natural resource exploitation, and concerns around how to feed a growing world population have resulted in a growing chorus identifying the need for a Plan B. For some, this Plan B entails preparing for long-duration space missions and the development of human settlement on Mars. To plan for long-duration space missions, the development of food production technologies that can withstand extreme conditions such as poor soil, lack of gravity, and radiation are increasingly prioritized. These technologies may include genetic engineering, digital agriculture, 3D bioprinting, synthetically grown meat and more. Government and corporate proponents of long-duration space missions—NASA and SpaceX, among others—are actively funding agricultural research in space. They argue that the technologies developed for space will have positive implications beyond Mars—directly benefitting Earth and its inhabitants. This paper demonstrates that news reporting on the technology has been overall uncritical. Media narratives surrounding issues of food growth in space have not been studied. This study analyzes how English news media coverage (n = 170) from 67 publications report the feasibility of long-duration space missions, human settlements, and high-tech agricultural technologies. We provide a cross-section of the types of agricultural technologies being covered, the key organizations and actors in the field, and a critical analysis of media narratives. Using mixed methods content and discourse analysis, this study finds that the news media publications overwhelmingly portray long-duration space missions as both inevitable and a positive good for humanity. Without critically assessing the societal implications of food technologies for long-duration space missions vis-à-vis their benefits on Earth, we risk glossing over systemic and structural inequalities in the food system.

Beyond the Blue Planet: Risk Management Strategies for Space Programs

“…However, the rapid implementation of new technologies and sending them into space without appropriate testing can increase potential risks. Space agencies and the private sector should carefully evaluate new technologies and implement a robust testing and validation process to minimize risks (Shaw and Soma, 2022).…”

A Values Framework for Evaluating Alienation in Off-Earth Food Systems

“…The goal of much space food technology is to reproduce Earth-like foods in off-Earth contexts (Newman and Fraser, 2022;Shaw and Soma, 2022). In this section we give examples of such technology, both extant and hypothetical, and argue that Off-Earth food systems aimed at reproducing Earthly cuisine have the potential to both decrease and increase alienation.…”

Review of the technologies and preparations required for Mars colonization

“…Based on the macronutrient and micronutrient requirements of the human body, it is recommended that foods such as rice, soybeans, romaine lettuce (red lettuce and romaine lettuce), potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, cabbage, kale, watercress, tomatoes, blueberries, strawberries, and edible flowers (pansies, lilacs, lavender, and hibiscus) be prepared at the same time [9]. Further screening was conducted based on nutritional value and potential yield per kilogram of plant alignment.…”

“…However, the above recommendations are primarily for grains and fruits and vegetables, which is consistent with the current inability to produce meat products in space. Shaw and Soma point out that lab-grown meats have a long way to go to replicate the diversity of micronutrient compositions, varieties, and cuts, and that more research is needed on the effects of production on the system [9].…”