To See Ourselves as Others See Us

Powell, J. V.

doi:10.1525/aa.1995.97.4.02a00070

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…For some years, up to 90% of the micro-sized community banks that have "disappeared" since Dodd-Frank simply moved up to the next size bracket. 151 Rather than being acquired or shackled by new regulations, these banks merely crossed definitional categories by expanding their lending activities and gaining market share.…”

Section: Community Banks Have Thrived Since the Financial Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…152 Most new banks are small and, somewhat remarkably, not a single de novo bank was chartered in the United States from 2010 to 2015. 153 From 1995 to 2007, the average rate of de novo bank charters hovered around 130 institutions per year. 154 As Federal Reserve Chairman Powell points out, once controlling for the recent lack of entryin a counterfactual world where the precrisis pace of de novo charters held steady-there would have been no increased rate of decline in the number of community banks since 2010.…”

Section: Community Banks Have Thrived Since the Financial Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Too Many to Fail: Against Community Bank Deregulation

Kress

Turk

2019

SSRN Journal

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Since the 2008 financial crisis, policymakers and scholars have fixated on the problem of "too-big-to-fail" banks. This fixation, however, overlooks the historically dominant pattern in banking crises: the contemporaneous failure of many small institutions. We call this blind spot the "too-many-to-fail" problem and document how its neglect has skewed the past decade of financial regulation. In particular, we argue that, for socalled community banks, there has been a pronounced and unjustifiable shift toward deregulation, culminating in sweeping regulatory rollbacks in the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018. As this Article demonstrates, this deregulatory trend rests on three myths. First, that community banks do not contribute to systemic risk and were not central to the 2008 crisis. Second, that the Dodd-Frank Act imposed regulatory burdens that threaten the survival of the community bank sector. And third, that community banks cannot remain viable without special subsidies or regulatory advantages. While these claims have gained nearuniversal acceptance among legal scholars and policymakers, none of them withstands scrutiny. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, community banks were key participants in the 2008 crisis, were not uniquely burdened by postcrisis reforms, and continue to thrive economically. Dispelling these myths about the community bank sector leads to the conclusion that diligent oversight of community banks is necessary to preserve financial stability. Accordingly, this Article recommends a reversal of the community bank deregulatory trend and proposes affirmative reforms, including enhanced supervision and macroprudential stress tests, that would help mitigate systemic risks in the community bank sector.

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Section: Community Banks Have Thrived Since the Financial Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Community Banks Have Thrived Since the Financial Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Many to Fail: Against Community Bank Deregulation

Kress

Turk

2019

SSRN Journal

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“…tria-and other Aegean islands, including Rhodes and Crete. 87 The problem is well framed by Sass: "The fact that at least four different locations for the adoption could be defended so eruditely and with such excellent arguments … indicates that the evidence presented thus far is perhaps less forthcoming than one would wish." 88 For Herodotus the place of transmission was mainland Greece, directly from Phoenicians.…”

Section: Coda: the Adoption And Adaptation Of The Phoenician Alphabetmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Write and to Paint: More Early Iron Age Potters′ Marks in the Aegean

Papadopoulos¹,

Clay²,

Malkin³

et al. 2017

Panhellenes at Methone

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In 1994 I published a paper on Protogeometric and Geometric potters' marks in Greece, which, up to that time, were largely overlooked. Since then not only has the number of potters' marks-symbols inscribed or painted prior to firing-more than doubled, from 70 to at least 172, but so too the number of postfiring marks, including the new corpus from the "Ypogeio" at Methone. The first part of this paper assembles and discusses the growing number of Early Iron Age potters' marks that have come to light since 1994 known to me. The fact that the new corpus includes no fewer than nine Late Geometric alphabetic inscriptions from Eretria and Pithekoussai painted before firing indicates that potters were among the earliest literate population of the 8th century BCE. The remainder of the paper focuses on what bearing these early potters' marks had on the issue of literacy. The paper also looks at the similarity of the vowels in early Greek and Phrygian, together with the Phoenician symbols from which they were derived, the testimony of Herodotus, and argues that the place of the adoption and adaptation of the Phoenician alphabet must be imagined as one where not only Greeks and Phoenicians interacted, but also Phrygians. That place can only have been the Aegean.Twenty years ago, I published a paper on Protogeometric and Geometric potters' marks in Greece, which, up to that time, were largely overlooked. 1 I provided a _____ 1 Papadopoulos 1994. I am grateful to a good many colleagues and friends for all sorts of assistance, not least for discussion of material in their care and/or for permission to illustrate individual pieces, especially the following:

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“…In initiating a SNAP cycle, market participants reveal that they have an order for the subject security that meets the thousandths of a second." 5 This arms race can also increase market fragility by increasing "the pressure on the plumbing of the system to handle ever-increasing speeds and message traffic." 6 In a market environment frequented by HFT firms, slower market participants, whose larger orders are vulnerable to front-running and other HFT strategies, face a competitive disadvantage and may "withdraw from markets or seek other venues, fracturing liquidity."…”

Section: Snap Cycle Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%