To play or not to play: A personal dilemma in pathological gambling

Giorgetta, Cinzia; Grecucci, Alessandro; Rattin, Andrea; Guerreschi, Cesare; Sanfey, Alan G.; Bonini, Nicolao

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.042

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These types of tasks have been used with both animals and humans and have proved useful in identifying differences in subjective reward valuations that may exist in certain patient populations. For example, individuals with PG exhibit a steeper temporal discounting profile whereby they select smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards more frequently and faster than healthy subjects (Giorgetta et al, 2014). Note however, that differences in delay duration used in human (hypothetical seconds to months) vs. animal (seconds to minutes) delay discounting tasks may limit cross-species translational validity of such testing (McClure et al, 2007;Schultz, 2010).…”

Section: Other Methods For Assessing Flexible Decision-making Across mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms regulating different forms of risk-related decision-making: Insights from animal models

Orsini

Moorman

Young

et al. 2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

123

110

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Over the past 20 years there has been a growing interest in the neural underpinnings of cost/benefit decision-making. Recent studies with animal models have made considerable advances in our understanding of how different prefrontal, striatal, limbic and monoaminergic circuits interact to promote efficient risk/reward decision-making, and how dysfunction in these circuits underlies aberrant decision-making observed in numerous psychiatric disorders. This review will highlight recent findings from studies exploring these questions using a variety of behavioral assays, as well as molecular, pharmacological, neurophysiological, and translational approaches. We begin with a discussion of how neural systems related to decision subcomponents may interact to generate more complex decisions involving risk and uncertainty. This is followed by an overview of interactions between prefrontal-amygdala-dopamine and habenular circuits in regulating choice between certain and uncertain rewards and how different modes of dopamine transmission may contribute to these processes. These data will be compared with results from other studies investigating the contribution of some of these systems to guiding decision-making related to rewards vs. punishment. Lastly, we provide a brief summary of impairments in risk-related decision-making associated with psychiatric disorders, highlighting recent translational studies in laboratory animals.

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Section: Other Methods For Assessing Flexible Decision-making Across mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural mechanisms regulating different forms of risk-related decision-making: Insights from animal models

Orsini

Moorman

Young

et al. 2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

123

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is thought that the difficulty of selling assets when their price is falling (loss cut) is similar to the difficulty of deciding when to stop in losing gambles (chasing). Another study reported that PG patients in a late treatment stage showed greater loss aversion than healthy control (HC) subjects, whereas PG patients in an early treatment stage showed similar loss aversion to HC subjects (Giorgetta et al 2014). Indeed, these previous studies suggested that the role of loss aversion in decision-making of PG is not so straightforward.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Loss Aversion in Pathological Gambling

et al. 2015

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Pathological gambling (PG) is characterized by continual repeated gambling behavior despite negative consequences. PG is considered to be a disorder of altered decision-making under risk, and behavioral economics tools were utilized by studies on decision-making under risk. At the same time, PG was suggested to be a heterogeneous disorder in terms of personality traits as well as risk attitude. We aimed to examine the heterogeneity of PG in terms of loss aversion, which means that a loss is subjectively felt to be larger than the same amount of gain. Thirty-one male PG subjects and 26 male healthy control (HC) subjects underwent a behavioral economics task for estimation of loss aversion and personality traits assessment. Although loss aversion in PG subjects was not significantly different from that in HC subjects, distributions of loss aversion differed between PG and HC subjects. HC subjects were uniformly classified into three levels (low, middle, high) of loss aversion, whereas PG subjects were mostly classified into the two extremes, and few PG subjects were classified into the middle range. PG subjects with low and high loss aversion showed a significant difference in anxiety, excitement-seeking and craving intensity. Our study suggested that PG was a heterogeneous disorder in terms of loss aversion. This result might be useful for understanding cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms and the establishment of treatment strategies for PG.

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“…psychosocial functioning and treatment completion). Giorgetta et al [43] found that despite greater loss aversion and acceptance of fewer gambles (with a positive expected value) among late stage relative to early stage treatment, anxiety and depression scores did not differ. Similarly, from an extensive battery of executive functioning tests, AlvarezMoya et al [41] found that a lower number of advantageous choices on the IGT-EFGH (a measure of sensitivity to gains and losses) emerged as the sole predictor of treatment dropout.…”

Section: Cognitive Profiles Course Of Pathology and Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings are supportive of earlier studies [41,42], though the later study did find an association between the absence of gambling problems at 1-year and performance on the stop-signal task and performance in a card-playing task, suggesting that disinhibition and perseveration for reward relate to treatment outcome. Recently, Giorgetta et al [43] examined differences in loss aversion, measured using a flipcoin task and reported that pathological gamblers after longterm treatment (more than 18 months) demonstrated significantly greater loss aversion to both pathological gamblers who had received less than 6 months of treatment and healthy controls. However, this difference was limited to gambles where the potential gain was outweighed by the potential loss, suggesting that as patients recover, they demonstrate greater sensitivity to losses.…”

Section: Cognitive Profiles Course Of Pathology and Clinical Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functioning in Gambling Disorder: Cognitive Profiles and Associations with Clinical Outcomes

Verdejo‐García

Manning

2015

Curr Addict Rep

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Gambling disorder shares neurobiological and clinical symptoms with substance use disorders; however, it remains unclear if they share executive functioning deficits that compromise gambling treatments. In this review article, findings from the resurgence in clinical and cognitive neuroscience studies in the past 3 years are considered and their role in clinical decision-making re-appraised. In contrast to early findings, novel studies are suggestive of preserved general executive functions (i.e. working memory, planning, rule shifting), but lend further support for deficits of response inhibition, reward-related switching and value-based decisionmaking, although evidence of their impact on treatment outcome remains limited. The hallmark characteristic of disordered gambling Bcognitive impulsivity^may reflect an underlying core alteration in value coding. Increased attention to wins and blunted attention to losses may serve to maintain maladaptive gambling behaviours (e.g. loss chasing), thus the effectiveness of interventions targeting faulty brain value systems (e.g. cognitive bias modification) warrants investigation with this population.

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To play or not to play: A personal dilemma in pathological gambling

Cited by 41 publications

References 52 publications

Neural mechanisms regulating different forms of risk-related decision-making: Insights from animal models

Neural mechanisms regulating different forms of risk-related decision-making: Insights from animal models

Heterogeneity of Loss Aversion in Pathological Gambling

Executive Functioning in Gambling Disorder: Cognitive Profiles and Associations with Clinical Outcomes

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