To feed or not to feed: a contentious issue in wildlife tourism

Newsome, David; Rodger, Kate

doi:10.7882/fs.2008.029

Cited by 45 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, the regular, long‐term addition of anthropic resources to howler diets can have serious consequences for their health and survival. RO howlers, for example, were fed with foods rich in fat, sugar, and salt, which can cause body fat accumulation and its derived health problems (Maréchal et al, ; Newsome & Rodger, ; Pragatheesh, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite these short‐term potential energy‐ and metabolism‐related benefits, long‐term food supplementation can bring disadvantages. It can habituate free‐ranging animals to the presence of humans (McKinney, Westin, & Serio‐Silva, ; Newsome & Rodger, ; Orams, ), making them dependent on anthropic resources (Boug et al, ; Newsome & Rodger, ; Sha & Hanya, ), and more susceptible to injuries and parasite infections (Becker, Streicker, & Altizer, ; Blanco et al, ; Longa, ; Newsome & Rodger, ; Semeniuk & Rothley, ; but see Becker, Streicker, & Altizer, ). Furthermore, animals feeding on sugar‐ and fat‐rich foods can accumulate body fat and develop higher cholesterol levels (Maréchal, MacLarnon, Majolo, & Semple, ; Pragatheesh, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemented howler monkeys eat less wild fruits, but do not change their activity budgets

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Bicca‐Marques

2019

American J Primatol

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Research on the influence of food supplementation on primate behavior has focused on terrestrial and semiterrestrial species. Its effects on highly arboreal species are poorly known. We assessed the influence of food supplementation on the feeding behavior and activity budget of four adult female and two adult male brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) belonging to two groups (JA and RO) that inhabited periurban forest fragments in southern Brazil. We used the "focal-animal" method during 6-8 full days per month from March to August 2017 (916 h of observation) to record the behavior of the study subjects. The feeding events of the focal individual were recorded using the "all occurrences" method. The supplementation was unevenly distributed during the day and accounted for 5-6% of all feeding events of male and female howlers, respectively. JA always received fruit in a platform, whereas RO had access to fruits and processed foods on roofs and directly from humans. The mean biomass of wild foods ingested by each adult per day was >300% higher than the ingested biomass of supplemented foods (females: 395 vs. 109 g/day; males: 377 vs. 120 g/day), but the ingestion rate of supplemented foods was ca. 400% higher than that of wild foods (females: 17 vs. 4 g/min; males: 19 vs. 5 g/ min). The activity budgets of females and males were dominated by resting (66-72%) followed by feeding (18-14%), moving (12-11%), and socializing (2%). We found that food supplementation reduced the ingestion of wild fruits, but it did not affect the howlers' need to ingest a given amount of leaves per day and the time spent resting, feeding, moving, and socializing. K E Y W O R D SAlouatta guariba clamitans, anthropic food, behavioral flexibility, diet, human-wildlife interaction, provisioning

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplemented howler monkeys eat less wild fruits, but do not change their activity budgets

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Bicca‐Marques

2019

American J Primatol

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“…). Analogously, urban birds and other wildlife enthusiastically consume the supplemental food offered by householders, tourists and the like, but may thereby experience severe alterations in behaviour, foraging ability and nutritional balance (Orams ; Newsome & Rodger ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of habitat restoration for rock‐dwelling velvet geckos Oedura lesueurii

Croak

Webb

Shine

2013

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Worldwide, efforts to restore habitat quality are rarely matched by efforts to evaluate the effects of those restoration attempts. Simply documenting usage of the newly created habitats by biota is not enough, because such areas may serve as sink populations. We need to monitor viability (growth, survival, reproduction) of individuals that colonize the newly created habitat, compared with conspecifics in non-restored areas. 2. In the Sydney region in south-eastern Australia, humans have degraded sandstone rock outcrops by removing natural rocks for landscaping urban gardens. We restored degraded rock outcrops by placing artificial rocks at sites where natural rocks had been removed. We measured growth rates and survival in velvet geckos Oedura lesueurii at control and restored sites over a 2-year period. 3. Gecko growth rates were unaffected by habitat restoration, but restoring sites with artificial rocks increased the overall numbers of lizards detected (both adults and juveniles). The apparent survival rates of adult male lizards (as estimated using MARK) were not significantly affected by habitat restoration. However, apparent survival rates of juvenile geckos were higher at restored sites than at unrestored sites. 4. Synthesis and applications. Habitat restoration using artificial rocks has had measurable conservation benefits on these degraded rocky outcrops. Quantifying those benefits in terms of species' survival and growth rates enables management decisions about habitat restoration to be based upon evidence rather than wishful thinking or untested intuition.

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“…We consider Mukuvisi Woodlands as a "predation-free" environment where anthropogenic disturbances are the sole disturbance stimuli source from elevated levels of ecotourism and related activities. We argue that the combination of attraction [46] and provisioning [47] and ultimately human habituation through supplementary feeding have altered the activity budgets of impala at the centre. Although these interventions increase visitor satisfaction [47,48], the long-term socioecological implications and unintended consequences remain uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…We argue that the combination of attraction [46] and provisioning [47] and ultimately human habituation through supplementary feeding have altered the activity budgets of impala at the centre. Although these interventions increase visitor satisfaction [47,48], the long-term socioecological implications and unintended consequences remain uncertain. Knight [11] asserts that habituated or provisioned animals are not brought only within viewing range but also within nuisance range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Activity Budgets of Impala (Aepyceros melampus) in Closed Environments: The Mukuvisi Woodland Experience, Zimbabwe

Muposhi

Muvengwi

Beven

et al. 2013

International Journal of Biodiversity

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Activity pattern plasticity in ungulates serves as an evolutionary adaptation to optimize fitness in inconsistent environments. Given that time is a limited and valuable resource for foraging wildlife species, provisioning and attraction may affect the activity pattern plasticity and reduce complexities of time partitioning for different activities by impala in closed environments. We assessed activity budgets of free-ranging impala social groups in a closed environment. Social group type had an influence on the activity budgets of impala except for foraging and moving activity states. Both the harem and bachelor groups spent more than 30% of their daily time foraging. Bachelor groups spent more time exhibiting vigilance tendencies than the harem groups. Season influenced the activity budgets of social groups other than vigilance and foraging activity states. Foraging time was highly correlated with vigilance, resting, and grooming. We concluded that provisioning and attraction may have reduced the influence of seasonality on the proportion of time spent on different activity states by impala social groups. There is a need to establish long-term socioecological, physiological, and reproductive consequences of provisioning and habituation on impala under closed environments.

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To feed or not to feed: a contentious issue in wildlife tourism

Cited by 45 publications

References 31 publications

Supplemented howler monkeys eat less wild fruits, but do not change their activity budgets

Supplemented howler monkeys eat less wild fruits, but do not change their activity budgets

The benefits of habitat restoration for rock‐dwelling velvet geckos Oedura lesueurii

Activity Budgets of Impala (Aepyceros melampus) in Closed Environments: The Mukuvisi Woodland Experience, Zimbabwe

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