To dive or not to dive in the penalty area? The questionable art of deception in soccer

Sabag, Eran; Lidor, Ronnie; Morgulev, Elia; Arnon, Michal; Azar, Ofer H.; Bar‐Eli, Michael

doi:10.1080/1612197x.2018.1462100

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar trends were revealed among soccer referees (e.g., Sabag et al, 2018 ), who strive for accuracy and are also aware of the severe consequences of player dismissals (i.e., red cards; see Bar-Eli et al, 2006 ) – Referees sometimes try to avoid using measures such as yellow or red cards too soon in the game, thereby producing a possible escalation in which too many dismissals would ruin the game (and the respective TV-ratings and broadcasting income). These considerations leave us again with the open question of what can be considered good referee decisions ( Bar-Eli et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Psychological Biasesmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The English referee, Jack Taylor, awarded a penalty kick to West Germany, which was used by Paul Breitner to tie the game, and the Germans won 2:1. This crucial referee’s decision remains controversial until today due to the fact that Hoelzenbein was accused of being dishonest and faking the collision, which he vehemently denied ( Sabag et al, 2018 ). This example involves player deception and is a judgment call by the referee after witnessing an event.…”

Section: Referees’ Mistakes In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Moral Gatekeeper: Soccer and Technology, the Case of Video Assistant Referee (VAR)

Tamir

Bar‐Eli

2021

Front. Psychol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Video assistant referee was officially introduced into soccer regulations in 2018, after many years in which referee errors were justified as being “part of the game.” The technology’s penetration into the soccer field was accompanied by concerns and much criticism that, to a large degree, continues to be voiced with frequency. This paper argues that, despite fierce objections and extensive criticism, VAR represents an important revision in modern professional soccer, and moreover, it completes a moral revolution in the evolution of the sport as a whole. Theoretically speaking, this technology enables an improvement in the sport’s professional standards and its public image and prestige, and especially its moral standards – Fair play. Furthermore, the introduction of this technology makes it possible to discover additional weaknesses (Standardization for extra time, a clear definition of a handball offense and more) that professional soccer regulations will probably be forced to address in the future.

show abstract

Section: Psychological Biasesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Referees’ Mistakes In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Moral Gatekeeper: Soccer and Technology, the Case of Video Assistant Referee (VAR)

Tamir

Bar‐Eli

2021

Front. Psychol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to Hsu (1997) , deception means “making someone believe something that is not true in order to get what you want” (p. 167). For instance, a wrongfully granted penalty kick during overtime in a tied soccer match will likely determine which team wins the game ( Sabag et al, 2018 ). In sports, lying to the referee can be considered a special form of deception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the Effects of a Preceding Self-Control Task on Decision-Making in Soccer Refereeing

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study tested the assumption that the momentary level of self-control strength affects the accuracy rates in a sports-related judgment and decision-making task. A total of N = 27 participants rated the veracity of 28 video-taped statements of soccer players who were interviewed by a non-visible referee after a critical game-related situation. In half of the videos, the players were lying, and in the other half, they were telling the truth. Participants were tested twice: once with temporarily depleted self-control strength and once with temporarily available self-control strength (order counterbalanced; measurements separated by exactly 7 days). Self-control strength was experimentally manipulated with the Stroop task. In line with two-process models of information processing, we hypothesized that under ego depletion, information is processed in a rather heuristic manner, leading to lower accuracy rates. Contrary to our expectations, the level of temporarily available self-control strength did not have an effect on accuracy rates. Limitations and implications for future research endeavors are discussed.

show abstract

“…In the present paper, we focus on deception in sports, which involves "making someone believe something that is not true in order to get what you want" (Hsu, 1997), p. 167; for a review, see Güldenpenning et al (2017). To gain an advantage, athletes are oftentimes motivated to deceive the referee, as deception might change the course of a match, for instance, when a soccer player is asking for a penalty during the last minutes of a match even though there had been no foul (e.g., Traclet et al, 2011;Sabag et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there are plenty of correlational and qualitative publications on judgment and decision making of sports officials (for an overview see Aragão e Pina et al, 2018), there has been little experimental research on referees' ability to differentiate correctly between a true statement and an invented one (e.g., Morris and Lewis, 2010). Experimental designs would allow one to draw causal conclusions concerning which factors have a direct influence on referees' judgment and decision making (e.g., Morris and Lewis, 2010;Sabag et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Are You Telling the Truth?” — Testing Individuals’ Ability to Differentiate Between Truth and Deceit in Soccer

Englert

Schweizer

2020

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present paper, we tested the ability of individuals to judge correctly whether athletes are lying or telling the truth. For this purpose, we first generated 28 videos as stimulus material: in half of the videos, soccer players were telling the truth, while in the other half, the same soccer players were lying. Next, we tested the validity of these video clips by asking N = 65 individuals in a laboratory experiment (Study 1a) and N = 52 individuals in an online experiment (Study 1b) to rate the level of veracity of each video clip. Results suggest that participants can distinguish between true and false statements, but only for some clips and not for others, indicating that some players were better at deceiving than others. In Study 2, participants again had to make veracity estimations, but we manipulated the level of information given, as participants (N = 145) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (regular video clips, mute video clips, and only the audio stream of each statement). The results revealed that participants from the mute condition were less accurate in their veracity ratings. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

show abstract

To dive or not to dive in the penalty area? The questionable art of deception in soccer

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

The Moral Gatekeeper: Soccer and Technology, the Case of Video Assistant Referee (VAR)

The Moral Gatekeeper: Soccer and Technology, the Case of Video Assistant Referee (VAR)

Testing the Effects of a Preceding Self-Control Task on Decision-Making in Soccer Refereeing

“Are You Telling the Truth?” — Testing Individuals’ Ability to Differentiate Between Truth and Deceit in Soccer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About